---
title: columbian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «columbian» in the school dictionary: To do with Christopher Columbus (as in pre-Columbian, before Columbus reached the Americas). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# columbian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Columbus, misspelling, museum, Columbian Exposition, Colombian coffee, Pre-Columbian peoples · **What happens:** do, reach, call, mean, misspell, show · **To what, where:** Americas, places, Colombia, Colombian, pre-Columbian gold, Peru · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«columbian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [columbian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/columbian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with Christopher Columbus (as in pre-Columbian, before Columbus reached the Americas).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:m1:1
# text = To do with Christopher Columbus (as in pre-Columbian, before Columbus reached the Americas).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Christopher	Christopher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pre-Columbian	pre-columbian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive | Columbus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Christopher Columbus | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reach** | past | Columbus | the Americas |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent americas=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with places called Columbia, such as British Columbia in Canada, the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) or the Columbia River.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:m2:1
# text = To do with places called Columbia, such as British Columbia in Canada, the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) or the Columbia River.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	British	British	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	District	District	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Washington	Washington	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	D.C.	D.C.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with places | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | places *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Often a misspelling of Colombian, which means from Colombia, the country in South America.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:m3:1
# text = Often a misspelling of Colombian, which means from Colombia, the country in South America.
1	Often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	misspelling	misspelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Colombian	Colombian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Colombia	Colombia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a misspelling of Colombian |  |  | Colombia |  | often *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **misspell** |  |  | Colombian |  |  |  |  | nom misspelling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum shows pre-Columbian gold from Peru.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x1:1
# text = The museum shows pre-Columbian gold from Peru.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	pre-Columbian	pre-columbian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the museum | pre-Columbian gold |  | Peru |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gold=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Columbian Exposition was a world fair in Chicago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x2:1
# text = The Columbian Exposition was a world fair in Chicago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Columbian	Columbian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Exposition	exposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Chicago	Chicago	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Columbian Exposition |  |  | Chicago |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People from British Columbia are sometimes called British Columbians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x3:1
# text = People from British Columbia are sometimes called British Columbians.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	7	advmod	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Columbians	Columbian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | People from British Columbia |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colombian coffee is from Colombia, spelled with an o.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x4:1
# text = Colombian coffee is from Colombia, spelled with an o.
1	Colombian	colombian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Colombia	Colombia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	o	o	NOUN	NN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Colombian coffee |  |  | Colombia |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spell** | participle |  | Colombia *not said here* |  |  |  | with a o | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent with o=Manner |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pre-Columbian peoples grew maize and potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x5:1
# text = Pre-Columbian peoples grew maize and potatoes.
1	Pre-Columbian	pre-columbian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	maize	maize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Pre-Columbian peoples | maize and potatoes |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location maize=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Columbian salmon swim up the Columbia River.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:columbian:x6:1
# text = The Columbian salmon swim up the Columbia River.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Columbian	columbian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	salmon	salmon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Columbia	Columbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim up** | present | the Columbian salmon | the Columbia River |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location river=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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