---
title: column — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «column» in the school dictionary: A column is a line of things going straight up and down, one under another. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# column

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** column, things, row, tall stone post, long line, chairs · **What happens:** be, go, run up, run, hold up, march · **To what, where:** line, table, tall stone post, roof, regular article, newspaper

<!-- .vabout -->
«column» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [column in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/column.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A column is a line of things going straight up and down, one under another.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:m1:1
# text = A column is a line of things going straight up and down, one under another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
15	under	under	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a column | a line |  |  |  | of things | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a table, a column runs up and down and a row runs across.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:m2:1
# text = In a table, a column runs up and down and a row runs across.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	across	across	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run up** | present | a column |  |  | a table |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in table=Trajectory |
| 2 | **run** | present | a row |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A column is a tall stone post that holds up a roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:m3:1
# text = A column is a tall stone post that holds up a roof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a column | a tall stone post |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold up** | present | a tall stone post | a roof |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot roof=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A column is also a regular article in a newspaper, or a long line of marching people.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:m4:1
# text = A column is also a regular article in a newspaper, or a long line of marching people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	marching	march	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a column | a regular article or a long line |  | a newspaper |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **march** | gerund | a long line *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chairs are in 6 columns with 5 chairs in each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x1:1
# text = The chairs are in 6 columns with 5 chairs in each.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the chairs |  |  | 6 columns |  | with 5 chairs in each | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each column of the table has 8 numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x2:1
# text = Each column of the table has 8 numbers.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each column of the table | 8 numbers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia puts 4 stickers in each column.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x3:1
# text = Mia puts 4 stickers in each column.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Mia | 4 stickers |  | each column |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sticker=Theme in column=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many columns of 3 can she make with 21 cards?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x4:1
# text = How many columns of 3 can she make with 21 cards?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	21	21	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | many columns of 3 |  |  |  |  | with 21 cards | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the tens in the tens column.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x5:1
# text = Write the tens in the tens column.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the tens |  | the tens column |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ten=Theme in column=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old temple has tall stone columns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x6:1
# text = The old temple has tall stone columns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the old temple | tall stone columns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent column=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add the numbers in the column.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x7:1
# text = Add the numbers in the column.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | the numbers |  | the column |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A column of soldiers marched past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x8:1
# text = A column of soldiers marched past.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	past	past	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | a column of soldiers |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he saw the statue on the tall column.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:column:x9:1
# text = Then he saw the statue on the tall column.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | he | the statue |  | the tall column | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer statue=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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