---
title: combat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «combat» in the school dictionary: Combat is fighting, especially between soldiers in war. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# combat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Combat, Soldiers, town, Washing, Combat boots, Scientists · **What happens:** fight, combat, mean, try, stop, reduce · **To what, where:** soldiers, war, something, it, litter, battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«combat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [combat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/combat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combat is fighting, especially between soldiers in war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:m1:1
# text = Combat is fighting, especially between soldiers in war.
1	Combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | present · progressive | Combat | soldiers |  | war |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To combat something means to try hard to stop or reduce it: combat litter, combat disease.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:m2:1
# text = To combat something means to try hard to stop or reduce it: combat litter, combat disease.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
15	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combat** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **reduce** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Patient |
| 6 | **combat** | infinitive |  | litter and combat disease |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To combat is also to fight in a battle against an enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:m3:1
# text = To combat is also to fight in a battle against an enemy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fight	fight	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a battle against a enemy |  | fight *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers trained for combat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x1:1
# text = Soldiers trained for combat.
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle | Soldiers |  |  |  |  | for combat | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town is working to combat litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x2:1
# text = The town is working to combat litter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present · progressive | the town |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **combat** | to-infinitive | the town *not said here* | litter |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing hands helps combat the spread of germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x3:1
# text = Washing hands helps combat the spread of germs.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spread	spread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Washing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **combat** | infinitive | Washing *not said here* | the spread of germs |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spread=Co-Agent |
| 4 | **spread** |  |  | germs |  |  |  |  | nom spread «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was injured in combat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x4:1
# text = He was injured in combat.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past · passive |  | He |  | combat |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combat boots are strong and heavy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x5:1
# text = Combat boots are strong and heavy.
1	Combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Combat boots |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Combat boots *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists combat diseases with new medicines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x6:1
# text = Scientists combat diseases with new medicines.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	combat	combat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combat** | present | Scientists | diseases |  |  |  | with new medicines | vn confront-98 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent disease=Theme with medicine=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did the old heroes combat there?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combat:x7:1
# text = Did the old heroes combat there?
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	combat	combat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combat** | past · do-support | the old heroes |  |  | there |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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