---
title: combustion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «combustion» in the school dictionary: Combustion is burning: a chemical reaction when a fuel joins with oxygen and gives out heat and light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# combustion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Combustion, fuel, engine, candle flame, Car engines, wood · **What happens:** burn, join, give out, be, need, use · **To what, where:** heat, fuel, engine, internal combustion engine, example, internal combustion

<!-- .vabout -->
«combustion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [combustion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/combustion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combustion is burning: a chemical reaction when a fuel joins with oxygen and gives out heat and light.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:m1:1
# text = Combustion is burning: a chemical reaction when a fuel joins with oxygen and gives out heat and light.
1	Combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	joins	join	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present · progressive | Combustion |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **join** | present | a fuel |  |  |  |  | with oxygen | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with oxygen=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **give out** | present | a fuel *not said here* | heat and light |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An engine that burns fuel inside it is an internal combustion engine, like a car engine.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:m2:1
# text = An engine that burns fuel inside it is an internal combustion engine, like a car engine.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | a engine | fuel |  | engine |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a engine | a internal combustion engine and a car engine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combustion needs fuel, heat and oxygen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x1:1
# text = Combustion needs fuel, heat and oxygen.
1	Combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Combustion | fuel and heat and oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fuel=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A candle flame is an example of combustion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x2:1
# text = A candle flame is an example of combustion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a candle flame | a example |  |  |  | of combustion | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Car engines use internal combustion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x3:1
# text = Car engines use internal combustion.
1	Car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Car engines | internal combustion |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent combustion=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Combustion of wood gives off smoke and ash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x4:1
# text = Combustion of wood gives off smoke and ash.
1	Combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | Combustion of wood | smoke and ash |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smoke=Theme |
| 2 | **combust** |  | wood |  |  |  |  |  | nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned about the fire triangle and combustion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x5:1
# text = We learned about the fire triangle and combustion.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  | about the fire triangle and combustion | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about triangle=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spontaneous combustion of a pile of oily rags can start a fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:combustion:x6:1
# text = Spontaneous combustion of a pile of oily rags can start a fire.
1	Spontaneous	spontaneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	oily	oily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rags	rag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | can | Spontaneous combustion of a pile of oily rags | a fire |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Eventuality |
| 2 | **combust** |  | a pile of oily rags |  |  |  |  |  | nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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