---
title: comet — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «comet» in the school dictionary: A comet is a ball of ice, dust and rock that travels around the Sun. When it comes close to the Sun, it heats up and makes a glowing cloud and a long bright tail that we can sometimes see in the night sky. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragm
---

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# comet

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** comet, rock, we, tail, Scientists · **What happens:** be, travel, come, heat up, make, glow · **To what, where:** ball, Sun, glowing cloud, night sky, long glowing tail, Earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«comet» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [comet in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/comet.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comet is a ball of ice, dust and rock that travels around the Sun. When it comes close to the Sun, it heats up and makes a glowing cloud and a long bright tail that we can sometimes see in the night sky.

<!-- fold The tree, 44 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:m1:1
# text = A comet is a ball of ice, dust and rock that travels around the Sun. When it comes close to the Sun, it heats up and makes a glowing cloud and a long bright tail that we can sometimes see in the night sky.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
20	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	heats	heat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	RP	_	26	compound:prt	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	amod	_	_
32	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
36	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
38	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	obj	_	_
39	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
40	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	42	advmod	_	_
42	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	acl:relcl	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a comet | a ball |  |  |  | of ice and dust and rock | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | present | rock |  |  |  | sunday |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | present | comet |  |  | the Sun |  | close *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sun=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **heat up** | present | comet |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | present | comet *not said here* | a glowing cloud and a long bright tail |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product |
| 6 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **see** | can | we | a glowing cloud and a long bright tail |  | the night sky |  | sometimes *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comet has a long glowing tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x1:1
# text = A comet has a long glowing tail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a comet | a long glowing tail |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Halley's Comet comes near Earth about every 76 years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x2:1
# text = Halley's Comet comes near Earth about every 76 years.
1	Halley	Halley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	Comet	Comet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	76	76	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Halley's Comet |  |  | Earth | year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near earth=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The comet's tail points away from the Sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x3:1
# text = The comet's tail points away from the Sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point away** | present | the comet's tail |  |  |  | sunday | away *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a comet through binoculars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x4:1
# text = We saw a comet through binoculars.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	binoculars	binocular	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a comet |  | binoculars |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer comet=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comets are made of ice, dust and rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x5:1
# text = Comets are made of ice, dust and rock.
1	Comets	comet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Comets |  |  |  | of ice and dust and rock | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comet is sometimes called a «dirty snowball».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x6:1
# text = A comet is sometimes called a «dirty snowball».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	snowball	snowball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a comet |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The comet will not be back for many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x7:1
# text = The comet will not be back for many years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | future | the comet |  |  |  | year | back *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists landed a probe on a comet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comet:x8:1
# text = Scientists landed a probe on a comet.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	probe	probe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | Scientists | a probe |  | a comet |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent probe=Theme on comet=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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