---
title: commuting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «commuting» in the school dictionary: Commuting is travelling the same way regularly between home and work or school. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# commuting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Commuting, Operations, Mum, Dad, trains, people · **What happens:** travel, commute, make, give, spend, keep · **To what, where:** same way, punishment, same answer, order, operations, country

<!-- .vabout -->
«commuting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [commuting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/commuting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Commuting is travelling the same way regularly between home and work or school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:m1:1
# text = Commuting is travelling the same way regularly between home and work or school.
1	Commuting	commuting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	regularly	regularly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present · progressive | Commuting | the same way |  |  |  | between home and work or school; regularly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Commuting a punishment is making it less severe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:m2:1
# text = Commuting a punishment is making it less severe.
1	Commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commute** | gerund |  | a punishment |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer punishment=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present · progressive | Commuting | punishment |  |  |  | severe *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Operations that commute give the same answer in either order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:m3:1
# text = Operations that commute give the same answer in either order.
1	Operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	commute	commute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commute** | present | Operations |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **give** | present | Operations | the same answer |  | either order |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum spends an hour commuting each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x1:1
# text = Mum spends an hour commuting each day.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spends	spend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | present | Mum |  |  |  | hour |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **commute** | gerund | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Commuting by bike keeps Dad fit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x2:1
# text = Commuting by bike keeps Dad fit.
1	Commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commute** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | by bike | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer by bike=Extent |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Commuting |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fit** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trains are full of people commuting to the city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x3:1
# text = The trains are full of people commuting to the city.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the trains |  |  |  |  | of people; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **commute** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the city *result* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer to city=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Commuting is tiring when the roads are busy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x4:1
# text = Commuting is tiring when the roads are busy.
1	Commuting	commuting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tiring	tire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tire** | present · progressive | Commuting |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | the roads |  |  |  |  | busy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Addition and multiplication are commuting operations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x5:1
# text = Addition and multiplication are commuting operations.
1	Addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	multiplication	multiplication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	operations	operation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commute** | present · progressive | Addition and multiplication | operations |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer operation=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is commuting from the country to London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:commuting:x6:1
# text = He is commuting from the country to London.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	commuting	commute	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commute** | present · progressive | He |  |  | the country to London |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Causer from country=Initial\_State |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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