---
title: compaction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «compaction» in the school dictionary: Pressing something together so it becomes tighter and smaller, with less space inside it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# compaction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, squeezing, weight, Compaction, Heavy tractors, Rubbish lorries · **What happens:** press, become, help, turn, squeeze, cause · **To what, where:** something, sediment, sedimentary rock, layers, top, sandstone

<!-- .vabout -->
«compaction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [compaction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/compaction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pressing something together so it becomes tighter and smaller, with less space inside it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:m1:1
# text = Pressing something together so it becomes tighter and smaller, with less space inside it.
1	Pressing	press	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	together	together	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	tighter	tight	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | present | it |  |  |  |  | with less space inside space; tight *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The squeezing of layers of sediment or soil by weight on top, which helps turn sediment into sedimentary rock.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:m2:1
# text = The squeezing of layers of sediment or soil by weight on top, which helps turn sediment into sedimentary rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	squeezing	squeezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sediment	sediment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
17	sediment	sediment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the squeezing of layers of sediment or soil by weight on top |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | infinitive | the squeezing of layers of sediment or soil by weight on top *not said here* | sediment |  | sedimentary rock |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sediment=Theme into rock=Trajectory |
| 3 | **squeeze** |  | weight | layers of sediment or soil |  | top |  |  | nom squeezing «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent on=place |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Compaction squeezes layers of sand into sandstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x1:1
# text = Compaction squeezes layers of sand into sandstone.
1	Compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	squeezes	squeeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sandstone	sandstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | present | Compaction | layers of sand |  | sandstone |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent layer=Material into sandstone=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy tractors cause soil compaction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x2:1
# text = Heavy tractors cause soil compaction.
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tractors	tractor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Heavy tractors | soil compaction |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition compaction=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubbish lorries use compaction to fit more rubbish in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x3:1
# text = Rubbish lorries use compaction to fit more rubbish in.
1	Rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	lorries	lorry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fit	fit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Rubbish lorries | compaction |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compaction=Patient |
| 2 | **fit in** | to-infinitive | Rubbish lorries *not said here* | more rubbish |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rubbish=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We modelled compaction by pressing layers of clay together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x4:1
# text = We modelled compaction by pressing layers of clay together.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	modelled	modell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modell** | past | We | compaction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **press** | gerund | We *not said here* | layers of clay |  |  |  | together *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roots struggle to grow in soil with too much compaction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x5:1
# text = Roots struggle to grow in soil with too much compaction.
1	Roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	struggle	struggle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | present | Roots |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Roots *not said here* |  |  | soil |  | with much compaction | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Road builders use rollers for compaction of gravel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:compaction:x6:1
# text = Road builders use rollers for compaction of gravel.
1	Road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rollers	roller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	compaction	compaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Road builders | rollers |  |  |  | for compaction of gravel | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent roller=Theme for compaction=Eventuality |
| 2 | **compact** |  | gravel |  |  |  |  |  | nom compaction «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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