---
title: complain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «complain» in the school dictionary: To complain is to say that you are not happy or not satisfied about something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# complain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, they, He, me, We, Grandma · **What happens:** complain, be, not be, fix, have, do · **To what, where:** someone, them, problem, illness, charge, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«complain» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [complain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/complain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain is to say that you are not happy or not satisfied about something.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:m1:1
# text = To complain is to say that you are not happy or not satisfied about something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about something | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain to someone in charge is to tell them formally about a problem so they fix it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:m2:1
# text = To complain to someone in charge is to tell them formally about a problem so they fix it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	formally	formally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fix	fix	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  | someone |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | a problem *obl*; tell *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fix** | present | they | problem |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain of a pain or illness is to say you have it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:m3:1
# text = To complain of a pain or illness is to say you have it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of a pain or illness | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: assert* | present |  |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | you | illness |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain of someone is to tell someone in charge that they did something wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:m4:1
# text = To complain of someone is to tell someone in charge that they did something wrong.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of someone | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | charge |  | tell *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | past | they | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He complained about the cold dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x1:1
# text = He complained about the cold dinner.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  | about the cold dinner | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about dinner=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop complaining and help me carry this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x2:1
# text = Stop complaining and help me carry this.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	complaining	complain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **complain** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help** | infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **carry** | infinitive | me *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We complained to the shop about the broken toy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x3:1
# text = We complained to the shop about the broken toy.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | We |  | the shop |  |  | about the broken toy | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to shop=Recipient about toy=Topic |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma complained of a sore knee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x4:1
# text = Grandma complained of a sore knee.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | Grandma |  |  |  |  | of a sore knee | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't complain; it was a great day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x5:1
# text = I can't complain; it was a great day.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **complain** *speech: other* | can | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | a great day |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The neighbours complained about the loud music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x6:1
# text = The neighbours complained about the loud music.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | the neighbours |  |  |  |  | about the loud music | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about music=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone is unkind, you can complain to a teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x7:1
# text = If someone is unkind, you can complain to a teacher.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **complain** *speech: other* | can | you |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to teacher=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She never complains, even when she's tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x8:1
# text = She never complains, even when she's tired.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	complains	complain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **complain** *speech: other* | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | she |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I complain of Nibs,” he cried promptly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:complain:x9:1
# text = “I complain of Nibs,” he cried promptly.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	complain	complain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Nibs	nib	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	promptly	promptly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | of Nibs | vn complain-37.8 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  | promptly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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