---
title: composure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «composure» in the school dictionary: Being calm and in control of your feelings, especially in a difficult or stressful moment. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# composure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, crowd, He, I, goalkeeper, teacher · **What happens:** be, keep, boo, lose, start, cry · **To what, where:** composure, great composure, strong wills · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«composure» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [composure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/composure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being calm and in control of your feelings, especially in a difficult or stressful moment.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:m1:1
# text = Being calm and in control of your feelings, especially in a difficult or stressful moment.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	csubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stressful	stressful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | calm *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She kept her composure even when the crowd booed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x1:1
# text = She kept her composure even when the crowd booed.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	booed	boo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | She | her composure |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Theme |
| 2 | **boo** | past | the crowd |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lost his composure and started to cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x2:1
# text = He lost his composure and started to cry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | He | his composure |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Eventuality |
| 2 | **start** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a deep breath, I regained my composure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x3:1
# text = After a deep breath, I regained my composure.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	regained	regain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regain** | past | I | my composure |  |  | after a deep breath |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goalkeeper showed great composure in the penalty shootout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x4:1
# text = The goalkeeper showed great composure in the penalty shootout.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goalkeeper	goalkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	shootout	shootout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the goalkeeper | great composure |  |  |  | in the penalty shootout | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent composure=Patient in shootout=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher spoke with composure during the fire alarm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x5:1
# text = The teacher spoke with composure during the fire alarm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the teacher |  |  |  | during the fire alarm | with composure | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with composure=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's hard to keep your composure when you're very nervous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x6:1
# text = It's hard to keep your composure when you're very nervous.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | your composure |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot's composure kept the passengers calm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x7:1
# text = The pilot's composure kept the passengers calm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	calm	calm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the pilot's composure |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **calm** | present | the passengers |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was hard for any one to preserve composure on such a day; but these people had strong wills, as unbending as their hard fortune.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:composure:x8:1
# text = It was hard for any one to preserve composure on such a day; but these people had strong wills, as unbending as their hard fortune.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	composure	composure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	13	det:predet	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	wills	will	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	unbending	unbend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **preserve** | to-infinitive | any one | composure |  |  | day |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composure=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **have** | past | this people | strong wills |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent will=Patient |
| 4 | **unbend** | gerund | this people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as people's hard fortune | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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