---
title: comprehend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «comprehend» in the school dictionary: To understand something fully. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# comprehend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, you, puppy, scientists, Reading comprehension tests · **What happens:** understand, include, contain, not be, read, comprehend · **To what, where:** something, sentence, command, results, story, large number

<!-- .vabout -->
«comprehend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [comprehend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/comprehend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To understand something fully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:m1:1
# text = To understand something fully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	understand	understand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | fully *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To include or contain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:m2:1
# text = To include or contain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	include	include	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	contain	contain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **contain** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can't comprehend how big space is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x1:1
# text = I can't comprehend how big space is.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | can | I |  |  |  |  | comprehend *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read slowly so you comprehend each sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x2:1
# text = Read slowly so you comprehend each sentence.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **comprehend** | present | you | each sentence |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sentence=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy did not comprehend the command.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x3:1
# text = The puppy did not comprehend the command.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **comprehend** | past · do-support | the puppy | the command |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer command=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientists struggled to comprehend the results.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x4:1
# text = The scientists struggled to comprehend the results.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | past | the scientists |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **comprehend** | to-infinitive | the scientists *not said here* | the results |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer result=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading comprehension tests check you understood the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x5:1
# text = Reading comprehension tests check you understood the story.
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	check	check	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **check** | present | Reading comprehension tests |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **understand** | past | you | the story |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's hard to comprehend such a large number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x6:1
# text = It's hard to comprehend such a large number.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	9	det:predet	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **comprehend** | to-infinitive |  | such large number |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer number=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dear Cadmus, you do not comprehend me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:comprehend:x7:1
# text = Dear Cadmus, you do not comprehend me.
1	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Cadmus	Cadmus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **comprehend** | present · do-support | you | Dear Cadmus |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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