---
title: concussion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «concussion» in the school dictionary: Concussion is a brain injury caused by a hard knock to the head. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# concussion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Concussion, person, He, helmet, you, player · **What happens:** be, cause, feel, have, get, fall off · **To what, where:** brain injury, headache, concussion, bike, adult, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«concussion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [concussion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/concussion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Concussion is a brain injury caused by a hard knock to the head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:m1:1
# text = Concussion is a brain injury caused by a hard knock to the head.
1	Concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	knock	knock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Concussion | a brain injury |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a brain injury *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person with concussion may feel dizzy, sick, confused or sleepy, or have a headache.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:m2:1
# text = A person with concussion may feel dizzy, sick, confused or sleepy, or have a headache.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	headache	headache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | may | a person with concussion |  |  |  |  | dizzy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | infinitive |  | a headache |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headache=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got concussion when he fell off his bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x1:1
# text = He got concussion when he fell off his bike.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | concussion |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer concussion=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fall off** | past | he | his bike |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A helmet can help prevent concussion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x2:1
# text = A helmet can help prevent concussion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | a helmet |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **prevent** | infinitive | a helmet *not said here* | concussion |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer concussion=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell an adult if you hit your head and feel dizzy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x3:1
# text = Tell an adult if you hit your head and feel dizzy.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hit	hit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
11	dizzy	dizzy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **hit** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | your head |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dizzy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The player came off the pitch with a possible concussion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x4:1
# text = The player came off the pitch with a possible concussion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come off** | past | the player | the pitch |  |  |  | with a possible concussion | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Signs of concussion include headache and feeling sick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x5:1
# text = Signs of concussion include headache and feeling sick.
1	Signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	headache	headache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Signs of concussion | headache |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headache=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | gerund | Signs of concussion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sign** |  |  | concussion |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After her concussion she had to rest for a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x6:1
# text = After her concussion she had to rest for a week.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | she |  |  |  | after her concussion |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rest** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  | week |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **concuss** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom concussion «event transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach checked him for concussion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x7:1
# text = The coach checked him for concussion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the coach | him *= he* |  |  |  | for concussion | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent he=Theme for concussion=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Concussion can happen even without being knocked out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:concussion:x8:1
# text = Concussion can happen even without being knocked out.
1	Concussion	concussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | can | Concussion |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **knock out** | gerund · passive | Concussion *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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