---
title: conduction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «conduction» in the school dictionary: Conduction is the way heat or electricity moves through a material from one part to another, without the material itself moving. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# conduction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Conduction, electricity, metal spoon, Heat, Wood, Electrical conduction · **What happens:** be, move, get, happen, slow, let · **To what, where:** way heat, material, frying pan, metals, poor conductor, conduction

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«conduction» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [conduction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/conduction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Conduction is the way heat or electricity moves through a material from one part to another, without the material itself moving.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:m1:1
# text = Conduction is the way heat or electricity moves through a material from one part to another, without the material itself moving.
1	Conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	without	without	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
21	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	20	nmod:unmarked	_	_
22	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Conduction | the way heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present | electricity |  |  | a material |  | from one part to another; without the material  electricity | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme through material=Source from part=Trajectory |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | electricity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A metal spoon gets hot by conduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x1:1
# text = A metal spoon gets hot by conduction.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | a metal spoon |  |  |  |  | by conduction; hot *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heat moves through the frying pan by conduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x2:1
# text = Heat moves through the frying pan by conduction.
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	frying	frying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | Heat |  |  | the frying pan |  | by conduction | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme through pan=Source by conduction=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Conduction happens best in metals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x3:1
# text = Conduction happens best in metals.
1	Conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Conduction |  |  | metals |  | well *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in metal=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood is a poor conductor, so it slows conduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x4:1
# text = Wood is a poor conductor, so it slows conduction.
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	conductor	conductor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wood | a poor conductor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slow** | present | Wood | conduction |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent conduction=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electrical conduction lets current flow through copper wires.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x5:1
# text = Electrical conduction lets current flow through copper wires.
1	Electrical	electrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wires	wire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Electrical conduction | current flow |  | copper wires |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flow=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Conduction, convection and radiation are the three ways heat travels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x6:1
# text = Conduction, convection and radiation are the three ways heat travels.
1	Conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	convection	convection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Conduction and convection and radiation | the three ways |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | present | heat | the three ways *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pan handle is plastic to stop heat conduction to your hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conduction:x7:1
# text = The pan handle is plastic to stop heat conduction to your hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	conduction	conduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the pan handle |  |  |  |  | plastic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | the pan handle *not said here* | heat conduction |  |  |  | to your hand | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality conduction=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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