---
title: confined — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «confined» in the school dictionary: Kept inside a small or closed space (a confined space). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# confined

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, FOX, Lion · **What happens:** keep, close, confine, go, limit, form · **To what, where:** small space, bed, particular area, problem, one class, someone

<!-- .vabout -->
«confined» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [confined in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/confined.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kept inside a small or closed space (a confined space).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:m1:1
# text = Kept inside a small or closed space (a confined space).
1	Kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  | a small space |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent inside space=Location |
| 2 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **confine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kept from going somewhere (confined to bed).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:m2:1
# text = Kept from going somewhere (confined to bed).
1	Kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
4	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **confine** | participle |  |  |  | bed |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to bed=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Limited to a particular area or group (The problem is confined to one class).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:m3:1
# text = Limited to a particular area or group (The problem is confined to one class).
1	Limited	limit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **limit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a particular area or group *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer to area=Goal |
| 2 | **confine** | present · passive |  | the problem |  | one class |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to class=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of confine: to keep someone or something within limits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:m4:1
# text = Past form of confine: to keep someone or something within limits.
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	confine	confine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	conj	_	_
11	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | within limits | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | confine |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pup was confined to the kitchen at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x1:1
# text = The pup was confined to the kitchen at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | past · passive |  | the pup |  | the kitchen | night |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to kitchen=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never play in confined spaces like old fridges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x2:1
# text = Never play in confined spaces like old fridges.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	spaces	space	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fridges	fridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **play** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | confined spaces like old fridges |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **confine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was confined to bed with flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x3:1
# text = She was confined to bed with flu.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | past · passive |  | She |  | bed |  | with flu | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to bed=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flood was confined to the low part of town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x4:1
# text = The flood was confined to the low part of town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | past · passive |  | the flood |  | the low part of town |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to part=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prisoners were confined to their cells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x5:1
# text = The prisoners were confined to their cells.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | past · passive |  | the prisoners |  | prisoners's cells |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to cell=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire was confined to one room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x6:1
# text = The fire was confined to one room.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | past · passive |  | the fire |  | one room |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to room=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A FOX saw a Lion confined in a cage, and standing near him, bitterly reviled him.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confined:x7:1
# text = A FOX saw a Lion confined in a cage, and standing near him, bitterly reviled him.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	FOX	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	reviled	revile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | a FOX | a Lion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **confine** | participle | a Lion *not said here* |  |  | a cage |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cage=Destination |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | a FOX *not said here* |  |  |  |  | near FOX | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near he=Location |
| 4 | **revile** | past | a FOX *not said here* | FOX |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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