---
title: confirmation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «confirmation» in the school dictionary: Confirmation is a message or proof that something is true or definitely happening, like a booking confirmation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# confirmation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Confirmation, something, bishop, We, teacher, trip · **What happens:** be, happen, baptise, confirm, lay, pray · **To what, where:** message, Christian ceremony, faith, hands, email confirmation, cathedral

<!-- .vabout -->
«confirmation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [confirmation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/confirmation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Confirmation is a message or proof that something is true or definitely happening, like a booking confirmation.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:m1:1
# text = Confirmation is a message or proof that something is true or definitely happening, like a booking confirmation.
1	Confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	definitely	definitely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	booking	booking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Confirmation | a message or proof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | something | a message or proof *not said here* |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | gerund | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | definitely *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Confirmation is a Christian ceremony in which a young person or adult, usually already baptised, confirms their faith for themselves, often with a bishop laying hands on them and praying.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:m2:1
# text = Confirmation is a Christian ceremony in which a young person or adult, usually already baptised, confirms their faith for themselves, often with a bishop laying hands on them and praying.
1	Confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	ceremony	ceremony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	already	already	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	baptised	baptise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	confirms	confirm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	often	often	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
28	laying	lay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Confirmation | a Christian ceremony |  |  |  | in a young person or adult | tree rules |
| 2 | **baptise** | participle | Confirmation *not said here* |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **confirm** | present |  | person's faith |  |  |  | for person; with a bishop | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot faith=Topic |
| 4 | **lay** | gerund | a bishop *not said here* | hands |  |  |  | on hands *= hand* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on they=Destination |
| 5 | **pray** | gerund | a bishop *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We got an email confirmation for the cinema tickets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x1:1
# text = We got an email confirmation for the cinema tickets.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | We | a email confirmation |  |  |  | for the cinema tickets | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent confirmation=Theme for ticket=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher waited for confirmation that the trip was on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x2:1
# text = The teacher waited for confirmation that the trip was on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	on	on	ADV	RB	_	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | for confirmation | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the trip |  |  |  |  | on *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister's confirmation is at the cathedral with the bishop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x3:1
# text = My sister's confirmation is at the cathedral with the bishop.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My sister's confirmation |  |  | the cathedral |  | with the bishop | tree rules |
| 2 | **confirm** |  | My sister |  |  |  |  |  | nom confirmation «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At confirmation, Ciara chose the name Brigid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x4:1
# text = At confirmation, Ciara chose the name Brigid.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Ciara	Ciara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	chose	choose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	Brigid	Brigid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past | Ciara | the name |  | confirmation |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent name=Theme at confirmation=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test result gave confirmation of our guess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x5:1
# text = The test result gave confirmation of our guess.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the test result | confirmation of our guess |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confirmation=Theme |
| 2 | **confirm** |  |  | our guess |  |  |  |  | nom confirmation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **guess** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom guess «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Confirmation classes are on Wednesday evenings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x6:1
# text = Confirmation classes are on Wednesday evenings.
1	Confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Wednesday	Wednesday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	evenings	evening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Confirmation classes |  |  |  | on Wednesday evenings |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clothes were ready, and the candidate for confirmation was ready.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confirmation:x7:1
# text = The clothes were ready, and the candidate for confirmation was ready.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the clothes |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the candidate for confirmation |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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