---
title: confuse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «confuse» in the school dictionary: To confuse someone is to make them unable to understand or think clearly: «The instructions confused me.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# confuse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** instructions, one, I, long question, you, new road signs · **What happens:** confuse, be, understand, think, not confuse, trick · **To what, where:** someone, me, two things, twins, situation, their · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«confuse» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [confuse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/confuse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To confuse someone is to make them unable to understand or think clearly: «The instructions confused me.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:m1:1
# text = To confuse someone is to make them unable to understand or think clearly: «The instructions confused me.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
13	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	confused	confuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
19	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, unable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **understand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **confuse** *in a quote* | past | the instructions | me |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To confuse two things is to mix them up and think one is the other: «I always confuse the twins.».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:m2:1
# text = To confuse two things is to mix them up and think one is the other: «I always confuse the twins.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	mix	mix	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	20	advmod	_	_
20	confuse	confuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | to-infinitive |  | two things |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | mix *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | one |  |  |  |  | other *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **confuse** *in a quote* | present | I | the twins |  |  |  | always *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent twin=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To confuse a situation is to make it more complicated or unclear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:m3:1
# text = To confuse a situation is to make it more complicated or unclear.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	complicated	complicated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | to-infinitive |  | a situation |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | complicated, make *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The long question confused me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x1:1
# text = The long question confused me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	confused	confuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | past | the long question | me |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I always confuse «there» and «their».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x2:1
# text = I always confuse «there» and «their».
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	confuse	confuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | present | I | their *= they* |  | there |  | always *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent their=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't confuse a centipede with a millipede.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x3:1
# text = Don't confuse a centipede with a millipede.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	confuse	confuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	centipede	centipede	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	millipede	millipede	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **confuse** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a centipede |  |  |  | with a millipede | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent centipede=Patient with millipede=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new road signs confused the drivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x4:1
# text = The new road signs confused the drivers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	confused	confuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | past | the new road signs | the drivers |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People often confuse the twins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x5:1
# text = People often confuse the twins.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	confuse	confuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	twins	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | present | People | the twins |  |  |  | often *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent twin=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician confused the audience with his trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x6:1
# text = The magician confused the audience with his trick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	confused	confuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | past | the magician | the audience |  |  |  | with magician's trick | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent audience=Patient with trick=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **trick** |  | magician |  |  |  |  |  | nom trick «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got confused and went to the wrong classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x7:1
# text = I got confused and went to the wrong classroom.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I |  |  |  |  | confused *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **go** | past | I *not said here* |  |  | the wrong classroom |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to classroom=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are confused, ask the teacher to explain again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x8:1
# text = If you are confused, ask the teacher to explain again.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | confused *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the teacher |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘You confuse the names, Sire,’ said the page hastily. ‘I come on behalf of the Princess Turritella.’

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ‘You confuse the names, Sire,’ said the page hastily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x9:1
# text = ‘You confuse the names, Sire,’ said the page hastily.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	confuse	confuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Sire	Sire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
13	hastily	hastily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confuse** | present | You | the names |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  | hastily *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ‘I come on behalf of the Princess Turritella.’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:confuse:x9:2
# text = ‘I come on behalf of the Princess Turritella.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	behalf	behalf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Turritella	Turritella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | I |  |  | behalf of the Princess Turritella |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on behalf=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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