---
title: congestion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «congestion» in the school dictionary: Too many cars or people in one place, so movement is slow, like traffic congestion. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# congestion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** many cars, heavy congestion, London, Bikes, I, steam · **What happens:** be, block, have, cut, help, reduce · **To what, where:** motorway, congestion charge, traffic, congestion, cold, gate

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«congestion» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [congestion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/congestion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too many cars or people in one place, so movement is slow, like traffic congestion.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:m1:1
# text = Too many cars or people in one place, so movement is slow, like traffic congestion.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many cars or people in one place |  |  |  |  | like traffic congestion; slow *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A blocked feeling in the nose or chest from a cold, with too much mucus.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:m2:1
# text = A blocked feeling in the nose or chest from a cold, with too much mucus.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	too	too	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	mucus	mucus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was heavy congestion on the motorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x1:1
# text = There was heavy congestion on the motorway.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | heavy congestion |  |  | the motorway; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on motorway=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
London has a congestion charge to cut traffic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x2:1
# text = London has a congestion charge to cut traffic.
1	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | London | a congestion charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | London *not said here* | traffic |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset traffic=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bikes and buses can help reduce congestion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x3:1
# text = Bikes and buses can help reduce congestion.
1	Bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
7	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can | Bikes and buses |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **reduce** | infinitive | Bikes and buses *not said here* | congestion |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer congestion=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a cold with nasal congestion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x4:1
# text = I have a cold with nasal congestion.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	nasal	nasal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a cold |  |  |  | with nasal congestion | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The steam helped clear my congestion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x5:1
# text = The steam helped clear my congestion.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	clear	clear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the steam |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **clear** | infinitive | the steam *not said here* | my congestion |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent congestion=Source |
| 3 | **congest** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom congestion «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congestion at the school gate makes it unsafe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congestion:x6:1
# text = Congestion at the school gate makes it unsafe.
1	Congestion	congestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	unsafe	unsafe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Congestion at the school gate | gate |  |  |  | unsafe *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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