---
title: congratulate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «congratulate» in the school dictionary: To congratulate someone means to tell them you are pleased about their success, good luck or happy event: we congratulated her on winning. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# congratulate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, we, team, head teacher, I, Congratulations · **What happens:** congratulate, mean, tell, be, win, feel · **To what, where:** someone, them, her, yourself, Mia, spelling bee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«congratulate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [congratulate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/congratulate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To congratulate someone means to tell them you are pleased about their success, good luck or happy event: we congratulated her on winning.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:m1:1
# text = To congratulate someone means to tell them you are pleased about their success, good luck or happy event: we congratulated her on winning.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	congratulate	congratulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | about their success and good luck or happy event; pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **congratulate** | past | we | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 6 | **win** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To congratulate yourself means to feel pleased with yourself for something you did.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:m2:1
# text = To congratulate yourself means to feel pleased with yourself for something you did.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	congratulate	congratulate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **feel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with yourself; for something; pleased *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **do** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We congratulated Mia on winning the spelling bee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x1:1
# text = We congratulated Mia on winning the spelling bee.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | We | Mia |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mia=Theme |
| 2 | **win** | gerund | We *not said here* | the spelling bee |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bee=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team congratulated the winners after the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x2:1
# text = Our team congratulated the winners after the match.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	winners	winner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | Our team | the winners |  |  | after the match |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent winner=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher congratulated the whole class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x3:1
# text = The head teacher congratulated the whole class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | the head teacher | the whole class |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent class=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I congratulated my aunt on her new baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x4:1
# text = I congratulated my aunt on her new baby.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | I | my aunt |  | her new baby |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aunt=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations on passing your swimming test!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x5:1
# text = Congratulations on passing your swimming test!
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund | Congratulations *not said here* | your swimming test |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |
| 2 | **test** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He congratulated himself on finishing the puzzle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x6:1
# text = He congratulated himself on finishing the puzzle.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	finishing	finish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | past | He | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 2 | **finish** | gerund | He *not said here* | the puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality puzzle=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"To my lord Marquis of Carabas," replied the reapers; and the King again congratulated the Marquis.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulate:x7:1
# text = "To my lord Marquis of Carabas," replied the reapers; and the King again congratulated the Marquis.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	To	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
5	Marquis	Marquis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Carabas	Carabas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
10	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	reapers	reaper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	again	again	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	congratulated	congratulate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Marquis	Marquis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the reapers |  |  |  |  | to my lord | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to lord=Theme |
| 2 | **congratulate** | past | the King | the Marquis |  |  | again |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marquis=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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