---
title: congratulation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «congratulation» in the school dictionary: Congratulations: words you say to show you are happy for someone who has done well or had good news. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# congratulation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Congratulations, act, my, We, teacher · **What happens:** say, show, be, do, have, congratulate · **To what, where:** words, you, good news, exclamation, someone, congratulation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«congratulation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [congratulation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/congratulation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations: words you say to show you are happy for someone who has done well or had good news.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:m1:1
# text = Congratulations: words you say to show you are happy for someone who has done well or had good news.
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | Congratulations and words |  |  |  |  | for someone; happy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **have** | past |  | good news |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations! — an exclamation said to someone on their success or happy event.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:m2:1
# text = Congratulations! — an exclamation said to someone on their success or happy event.
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a exclamation *not said here* | someone |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, singular — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of congratulating someone: «a letter of congratulation».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:m3:1
# text = The act of congratulating someone: «a letter of congratulation».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	congratulating	congratulate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	congratulation	congratulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **congratulate** | gerund | the act *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **letter** *in a quote* |  |  | congratulation |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations on winning the spelling bee!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x1:1
# text = Congratulations on winning the spelling bee!
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | gerund | Congratulations *not said here* | the spelling bee |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bee=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations to Year 5 for the best attendance this term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x2:1
# text = Congratulations to Year 5 for the best attendance this term.
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	attendance	attendance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please give my congratulations to your sister on her new baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x3:1
# text = Please give my congratulations to your sister on her new baby.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | my congratulations | your sister | her new baby |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent congratulation=Theme to sister=Recipient on baby=Asset |
| 2 | **congratulate** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom congratulation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We all signed a card of congratulation for our teacher's wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x4:1
# text = We all signed a card of congratulation for our teacher's wedding.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	congratulation	congratulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | We | a card of congratulation |  |  |  | for our teacher's wedding; all *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent card=Destination |
| 2 | **wed** |  | our teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom wedding «event transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher read out a list of congratulations in assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x5:1
# text = The head teacher read out a list of congratulations in assembly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read out** | past | the head teacher | a list of congratulations in assembly |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent list=Topic |
| 2 | **list** |  |  | congratulations in assembly |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I passed my swimming test!" "Congrats, that's brilliant!"

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "I passed my swimming test!" "

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x6:1
# text = "I passed my swimming test!" "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** *in a quote* | past | I | my swimming test |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |
| 2 | **test** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Congrats, that's brilliant!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x6:2
# text = Congrats, that's brilliant!"
1	Congrats	congrat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Congrats |  |  |  |  | brilliant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh, congratulations, you've spilt juice on the homework again (sarcastic).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x7:1
# text = Oh, congratulations, you've spilt juice on the homework again (sarcastic).
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	spilt	spilt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	sarcastic	sarcastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spilt** | present · perfect · passive |  | congratulations |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayor sent a letter of congratulation to the winning team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulation:x8:1
# text = The mayor sent a letter of congratulation to the winning team.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	congratulation	congratulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the mayor | a letter of congratulation |  | the winning team |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme to team=Destination |
| 2 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **letter** |  |  | congratulation |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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