---
title: congratulations — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «congratulations» in the school dictionary: «Congratulations!» is what you say to someone to show you are happy about their success or good news. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# congratulations

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Congratulations, you, messages, that, We, our · **What happens:** be, say, show, praise, do, happen · **To what, where:** someone, you, words, Congratulations, spelling bee, fun run · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«congratulations» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [congratulations in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/congratulations.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Congratulations!» is what you say to someone to show you are happy about their success or good news.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:m1:1
# text = «Congratulations!» is what you say to someone to show you are happy about their success or good news.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	nsubj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
16	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Congratulations |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you |  | someone |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about Congratulations's success or good news; happy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations are words or messages that praise someone for something good they did or that happened to them.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:m2:1
# text = Congratulations are words or messages that praise someone for something good they did or that happened to them.
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	praise	praise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Congratulations | words or messages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **praise** | present | messages | someone |  |  |  | for something | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent someone=Theme for something=Attribute |
| 3 | **do** | past | Congratulations *= congratulation* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **happen** | past | that |  | Congratulations *= congratulation* |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations on winning the spelling bee!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x1:1
# text = Congratulations on winning the spelling bee!
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | gerund | Congratulations *not said here* | the spelling bee |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bee=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations to everyone who finished the fun run.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x2:1
# text = Congratulations to everyone who finished the fun run.
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	1	nmod	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past |  | the fun run |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector run=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sent a card with our congratulations to the new parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x3:1
# text = We sent a card with our congratulations to the new parents.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | We | a card | the new parents |  |  | with our congratulations | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent card=Theme to parent=Destination |
| 2 | **congratulate** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom congratulation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«I passed my swimming test!» «Congratulations!»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «I passed my swimming test!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x4:1
# text = «I passed my swimming test!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** *in a quote* | past | I | my swimming test |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory |
| 2 | **test** *in a quote* |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Congratulations!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x4:2
# text = «Congratulations!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher gave her congratulations to the choir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x5:1
# text = The head teacher gave her congratulations to the choir.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the head teacher | congratulations | her *= she* |  |  | to the choir | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient congratulation=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa phoned to offer his congratulations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x6:1
# text = Grandpa phoned to offer his congratulations.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	phoned	phone	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **phone** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V when S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **offer** | to-infinitive | Grandpa *not said here* | Grandpa's congratulations |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent congratulation=Theme |
| 3 | **congratulate** |  | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | nom congratulation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Congratulations, you solved the hardest puzzle!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x7:1
# text = Congratulations, you solved the hardest puzzle!
1	Congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	solved	solve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hardest	hard	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | past | Congratulations | the hardest puzzle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say congratulations to the other team, even when you lose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x8:1
# text = Say congratulations to the other team, even when you lose.
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | congratulations | the other team |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent congratulation=Topic to team=Recipient |
| 2 | **lose** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The next day, the king came with the whole court to offer their congratulations, and stayed till quite late.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:congratulations:x9:1
# text = The next day, the king came with the whole court to offer their congratulations, and stayed till quite late.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	till	till	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the king |  |  |  | day | with the whole court | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | to-infinitive | the king *not said here* | their congratulations |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent congratulation=Theme |
| 3 | **stay** | past | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late, till *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **congratulate** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom congratulation «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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