---
title: coniferous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «coniferous» in the school dictionary: Describing trees, such as pine, fir, spruce and larch, that have cones and needle-like or scaly leaves; most stay green all year. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# coniferous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Describing trees, most, Pine, Coniferous trees, Most coniferous trees, larch · **What happens:** describe, have, stay, make, be, cover · **To what, where:** cones, forest, woodland, coniferous trees, needles, Much

<!-- .vabout -->
«coniferous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [coniferous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/coniferous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describing trees, such as pine, fir, spruce and larch, that have cones and needle-like or scaly leaves; most stay green all year.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:m1:1
# text = Describing trees, such as pine, fir, spruce and larch, that have cones and needle-like or scaly leaves; most stay green all year.
1	Describing	describe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	spruce	spruce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	larch	larch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	needle	needle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	scaly	scaly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
25	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	nsubj	_	_
26	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
27	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	_
28	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	29	det	_	_
29	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | Describing trees such pine and fir and spruce and larch | cones and like leaves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cone=Patient |
| 3 | **stay** | present | most |  |  |  | year | green *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describing a forest or woodland made mainly of these trees: «coniferous forest».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:m2:1
# text = Describing a forest or woodland made mainly of these trees: «coniferous forest».
1	Describing	describe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	woodland	woodland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | gerund |  | a forest or woodland |  |  |  | coniferous forest *obl* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent forest=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | woodland *not said here* |  |  |  | of this trees; mainly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pine and spruce are coniferous trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x1:1
# text = Pine and spruce are coniferous trees.
1	Pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	spruce	spruce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pine and spruce | coniferous trees |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coniferous trees have needles instead of flat leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x2:1
# text = Coniferous trees have needles instead of flat leaves.
1	Coniferous	Coniferous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	needles	needle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Coniferous trees | needles |  |  |  | instead flat leaves | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Much of Canada is covered in coniferous forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x3:1
# text = Much of Canada is covered in coniferous forest.
1	Much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | Much of Canada |  |  |  | in coniferous forest | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in forest=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most coniferous trees keep their needles all winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x4:1
# text = Most coniferous trees keep their needles all winter.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
2	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	needles	needle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Most coniferous trees | trees's needles |  |  | winter |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The larch is a coniferous tree that loses its needles in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x5:1
# text = The larch is a coniferous tree that loses its needles in autumn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	larch	larch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	needles	needle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the larch | a coniferous tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present | a coniferous tree | larch's needles |  |  | autumn |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We collected pine cones in the coniferous woodland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x6:1
# text = We collected pine cones in the coniferous woodland.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	woodland	woodland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | We | pine cones |  | the coniferous woodland |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cone=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deciduous trees lose their leaves, but coniferous ones mostly stay green.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:coniferous:x7:1
# text = Deciduous trees lose their leaves, but coniferous ones mostly stay green.
1	Deciduous	deciduous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	coniferous	coniferous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Deciduous trees | trees's leaves |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stay** | present | coniferous ones |  |  |  |  | green, mostly *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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