---
title: conjecture — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «conjecture» in the school dictionary: A conjecture is a guess or opinion formed without full proof. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# conjecture

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** conjecture, you, mathematicians, My, evidence, Scientists · **What happens:** be, form, suppose, not have, think, not prove · **To what, where:** guess, something, facts, statement, next number, pattern · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«conjecture» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [conjecture in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/conjecture.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A conjecture is a guess or opinion formed without full proof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:m1:1
# text = A conjecture is a guess or opinion formed without full proof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a conjecture | a guess or opinion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** | participle |  | a guess or opinion *not said here* |  |  |  | without full proof | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To conjecture is to guess or suppose something when you do not have all the facts.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:m2:1
# text = To conjecture is to guess or suppose something when you do not have all the facts.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	guess	guess	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	suppose	suppose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | conjecture |  |  |  |  | guess *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **suppose** | infinitive | conjecture *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent something=Attribute |
| 3 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | you | all facts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A conjecture is a statement mathematicians think is true but have not yet proved.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:m3:1
# text = A conjecture is a statement mathematicians think is true but have not yet proved.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	mathematicians	mathematician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a conjecture | a statement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | present | mathematicians | a statement *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot statement=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **prove** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  | yet |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My conjecture is that the next number in the pattern is 20.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x1:1
# text = My conjecture is that the next number in the pattern is 20.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My conjecture | the next number |  | the pattern |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | 20 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **conjecture** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom conjecture «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without evidence, what you say is just conjecture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x2:1
# text = Without evidence, what you say is just conjecture.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you | evidence |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | evidence | conjecture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists conjectured that the planet had water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x3:1
# text = Scientists conjectured that the planet had water.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	conjectured	conjecture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conjecture** | past | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the planet | water |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Test your conjecture with more examples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x4:1
# text = Test your conjecture with more examples.
1	Test	test	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	examples	example	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | imperative | you *not said here* | your conjecture |  |  |  | with more examples | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conjecture=Theme |
| 2 | **conjecture** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom conjecture «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How the stones got there is still a matter of conjecture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x5:1
# text = How the stones got there is still a matter of conjecture.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the stones |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | present | a matter of conjecture |  |  | there | still |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **matter** |  | conjecture |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A famous conjecture says every even number bigger than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x6:1
# text = A famous conjecture says every even number bigger than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
8	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
16	prime	prime	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a famous conjecture |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | every number | the sum |  |  |  | of two prime numbers | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No one knew who the dead stranger was, they could not even form a conjecture; the fragments of wreckage gave no clue to the matter.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:conjecture:x7:1
# text = No one knew who the dead stranger was, they could not even form a conjecture; the fragments of wreckage gave no clue to the matter.
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	form	form	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	conjecture	conjecture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	wreckage	wreckage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
23	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	24	det	_	_
24	clue	clue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | no one |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the dead stranger |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **form** | could | they | a conjecture |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location conjecture=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | past | the fragments of wreckage | no clue | the matter |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent clue=Theme to matter=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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