---
title: consul — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «consul» in the school dictionary: A consul is an official sent by a country to live in a foreign city to help its own citizens there and to look after trade. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# consul

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** consul, Napoleon, Dad, Australian consul, Australians, Ancient Rome · **What happens:** be, send, live, help, look, choose · **To what, where:** official, foreign city, own citizens, one, ancient Rome, two leaders

<!-- .vabout -->
«consul» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [consul in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/consul.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A consul is an official sent by a country to live in a foreign city to help its own citizens there and to look after trade.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:m1:1
# text = A consul is an official sent by a country to live in a foreign city to help its own citizens there and to look after trade.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	official	official	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
25	after	after	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a consul | a official |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  | a official *not said here* |  |  |  | by a country | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a foreign city |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive |  |  | consul's own citizens | there |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent citizen=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **look** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after trade |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In ancient Rome, a consul was one of the two leaders chosen each year to run the republic.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:m2:1
# text = In ancient Rome, a consul was one of the two leaders chosen each year to run the republic.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	chosen	choose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	republic	republic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a consul | one |  | ancient Rome |  | of the two leaders | tree rules |
| 2 | **choose** | participle |  | the two leaders *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | to-infinitive |  | the republic |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme republic=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In France about two hundred years ago, Napoleon ruled with the title First Consul.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:m3:1
# text = In France about two hundred years ago, Napoleon ruled with the title First Consul.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
3	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	First	First	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	amod	_	_
15	Consul	Consul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Napoleon |  |  | France |  | with the title | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Dad lost his passport in Spain, the consul helped him get a new one.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x1:1
# text = When Dad lost his passport in Spain, the consul helped him get a new one.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | Dad | Dad's passport |  | Spain |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passport=Eventuality |
| 2 | **help** | past | the consul | Dad |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **get** | infinitive | Dad *not said here* | a new one |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Australian consul in Bali helps Australians who get into trouble there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x2:1
# text = The Australian consul in Bali helps Australians who get into trouble there.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Bali	Bali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Australians	Australian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the Australian consul in Bali |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | Australians |  |  | trouble; there |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into trouble=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Rome chose two consuls every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x3:1
# text = Ancient Rome chose two consuls every year.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chose	choose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	consuls	consul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past | Ancient Rome | two consuls |  |  | year |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consul=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Julius Caesar was a consul before he became a dictator.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x4:1
# text = Julius Caesar was a consul before he became a dictator.
1	Julius	Julius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dictator	dictator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Julius | a consul |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | Julius | a dictator |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient consul=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The consul invited local business people to a dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x5:1
# text = The consul invited local business people to a dinner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	invited	invite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invite** | past | the consul |  | local business people |  |  | to a dinner | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her aunt works at the Canadian consulate in New York.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x6:1
# text = Her aunt works at the Canadian consulate in New York.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Canadian	Canadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	consulate	consulate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Her aunt |  |  |  |  | at the Canadian consulate in New York | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at consulate=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A consul is not quite the same as an ambassador.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:consul:x7:1
# text = A consul is not quite the same as an ambassador.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	consul	consul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ambassador	ambassador	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | a consul |  |  |  |  | as a ambassador; same *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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