---
title: contracted — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «contracted» in the school dictionary: Became smaller or shorter (The metal contracted as it cooled). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# contracted

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** metal, She, muscle, He, puddle · **What happens:** become, contract, cool, catch, make, do · **To what, where:** metal, illness, measles, formal agreement, work, firm · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«contracted» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [contracted in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/contracted.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Became smaller or shorter (The metal contracted as it cooled).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:m1:1
# text = Became smaller or shorter (The metal contracted as it cooled).
1	Became	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	xcomp	_	_
8	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	cooled	cool	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | participle |  | the metal |  |  |  | small *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **contract** | participle |  | the metal *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cool** | past | metal |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caught an illness (She contracted measles).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:m2:1
# text = Caught an illness (She contracted measles).
1	Caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	contracted	contract	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	measles	measle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | participle |  | a illness |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Theme |
| 2 | **contract** | past | She | measles |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent measle=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made a formal agreement to do work (The firm was contracted to build the bridge).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:m3:1
# text = Made a formal agreement to do work (The firm was contracted to build the bridge).
1	Made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	firm	firm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | a formal agreement |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset agreement=Product |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |
| 3 | **contract** | past · passive |  | the firm |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **build** | to-infinitive |  | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bridge=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: grammar — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shortened by joining words (a contracted form like «don't»).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:m4:1
# text = Shortened by joining words (a contracted form like «don't»).
1	Shortened	shorten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shorten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **join** | gerund |  | words |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 3 | **contract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To contract something can mean to get or pick up a habit, dirt or friendship over time.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:m5:1
# text = To contract something can mean to get or pick up a habit, dirt or friendship over time.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	contract	contract	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pick	pick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **get** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **pick up** | infinitive |  | a habit and dirt or friendship |  |  | time |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habit=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The metal rail contracted in the cold night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x1:1
# text = The metal rail contracted in the cold night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rail	rail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | participle |  | the metal rail *not said here* |  |  | night |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muscle contracted and lifted the arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x2:1
# text = The muscle contracted and lifted the arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contracted	contract	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | past | the muscle |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lift** | past | the muscle *not said here* | the arm |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He contracted chickenpox from his cousin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x3:1
# text = He contracted chickenpox from his cousin.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	contracted	contract	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | past | He | chickenpox |  | his cousin |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent chickenpox=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders were contracted to fix the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x4:1
# text = The builders were contracted to fix the roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | past · passive |  | the builders |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **fix** | to-infinitive |  | the roof |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent roof=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Won't» is the contracted form of «will not».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x5:1
# text = «Won't» is the contracted form of «will not».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Wo	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | future |  | the contracted form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puddle contracted as the sun dried it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x6:1
# text = The puddle contracted as the sun dried it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puddle	puddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	contracted	contract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	dried	dry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contract** | participle |  | the puddle *not said here* |  |  |  | as the sun | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as sun=Attribute |
| 2 | **dry** | past | the puddle | sun |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a time he became an adept in the black art, and contracted an intimate acquaintance with the fiendish races.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:contracted:x7:1
# text = After a time he became an adept in the black art, and contracted an intimate acquaintance with the fiendish races.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	adept	adept	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	contracted	contract	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	intimate	intimate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	fiendish	fiendish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | he | a adept in the black art |  |  | time |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **contract** | past | he *not said here* | a intimate acquaintance |  |  |  | with the fiendish races | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent acquaintance=Patient with race=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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