---
title: converse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «converse» in the school dictionary: To converse is to talk with someone, have a conversation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# converse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** converse, B, We, people, it, square · **What happens:** converse, be, have, try, rise, happen · **To what, where:** conversation, opposite, B, two old friends, French, square

<!-- .vabout -->
«converse» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [converse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/converse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To converse is to talk with someone, have a conversation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:m1:1
# text = To converse is to talk with someone, have a conversation.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	converse	converse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	conversation	conversation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **converse** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with someone; talk *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | a conversation |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conversation=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The converse is the opposite or the reverse of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:m2:1
# text = The converse is the opposite or the reverse of something.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	converse	converse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reverse	reverse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the converse | the opposite or the reverse of something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths and logic — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The converse of a statement «if A, then B» is «if B, then A».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:m3:1
# text = The converse of a statement «if A, then B» is «if B, then A».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	converse	converse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
8	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	reparandum	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
11	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
19	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | B | B |  |  | then |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two old friends conversed quietly by the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x1:1
# text = The two old friends conversed quietly by the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	conversed	converse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **converse** *speech: other* | participle |  | the two old friends *not said here* |  |  |  | by the fire; quietly *property* | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tried to converse in French on holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x2:1
# text = We tried to converse in French on holiday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	converse	converse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **converse** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | French |  | on holiday | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people are shy; the converse is true of my sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x3:1
# text = Some people are shy; the converse is true of my sister.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	converse	converse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some people |  |  |  |  | shy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the converse |  |  |  |  | of my sister; true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«If it is a square, it has four sides.» The converse, «If it has four sides, it is a square», is false.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «If it is a square, it has four sides.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x4:1
# text = «If it is a square, it has four sides.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | it | a square |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | square | four sides |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The converse, «If it has four sides, it is a square», is false.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x4:2
# text = The converse, «If it has four sides, it is a square», is false.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	converse	converse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | square | four sides |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | square | a square |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen conversed with the guests at dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x5:1
# text = The queen conversed with the guests at dinner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	conversed	converse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **converse** *speech: other* | participle |  | the queen *not said here* |  | dinner |  | with the guests | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with guest=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hot water rises; the converse happens with cold water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x6:1
# text = Hot water rises; the converse happens with cold water.
1	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	converse	converse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | present | Hot water |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **happen** | present | the converse |  |  |  |  | with cold water | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They conversed together for some time, and then the Thief suddenly yawned and howled like a wolf.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:converse:x7:1
# text = They conversed together for some time, and then the Thief suddenly yawned and howled like a wolf.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	conversed	converse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Thief	Thief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	yawned	yawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	howled	howl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **converse** *speech: other* | past | They |  |  |  | time | together *property* | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **yawn** | past | the Thief |  |  |  | then | suddenly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **howl** | past | the Thief *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a wolf | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [conversational](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/conversational/)
- next →: [conversion](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/conversion/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)