---
title: convincing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «convincing» in the school dictionary: Convincing means making you believe something is true or right: «a convincing argument». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# convincing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Convincing, you, something, She, speech, Her · **What happens:** mean, make, believe, be, persuade, convince · **To what, where:** someone, mum, dog, convincing 5 win, scam, convincing evidence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«convincing» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [convincing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/convincing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Convincing means making you believe something is true or right: «a convincing argument».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:m1:1
# text = Convincing means making you believe something is true or right: «a convincing argument».
1	Convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Convincing |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | gerund | Convincing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **believe** *not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Convincing means clear and complete: «a convincing win».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:m2:1
# text = Convincing means clear and complete: «a convincing win».
1	Convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Convincing |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb form, convincing means persuading someone: «She is convincing her mum to get a dog».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:m3:1
# text = As a verb form, convincing means persuading someone: «She is convincing her mum to get a dog».
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	persuading	persuade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	convincing	convince	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	iobj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | convincing |  |  |  |  | as a verb form | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **persuade** *not said to happen* | gerund | convincing *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 3 | **convince** *in a quote* | present · progressive | She |  | her mum |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mum=Experiencer |
| 4 | **get** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a dog |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her speech was very convincing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x1:1
# text = Her speech was very convincing.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her speech |  |  |  |  | convincing *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team had a convincing 5–0 win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x2:1
# text = The team had a convincing 5–0 win.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nmod	_	_
9	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the team | a convincing 5 win |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent win=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That fake email looked convincing, but it was a scam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x3:1
# text = That fake email looked convincing, but it was a scam.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	scam	scam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | that fake email |  |  |  |  | convincing *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | email | a scam |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His excuse wasn't very convincing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x4:1
# text = His excuse wasn't very convincing.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | His excuse |  |  |  |  | convincing *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **excuse** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom excuse «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need convincing evidence for our science claim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x5:1
# text = We need convincing evidence for our science claim.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | convincing evidence |  |  |  | for our science claim | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot evidence=Theme |
| 2 | **claim** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm convincing Dad to take us swimming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:convincing:x6:1
# text = I'm convincing Dad to take us swimming.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	convincing	convincing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | I | convincing Dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument we=Theme swimming=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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