---
title: copepod — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «copepod» in the school dictionary: A copepod is a tiny animal with a hard shell and many legs, a relative of crabs and shrimps, that lives in the sea and in fresh water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# copepod

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** copepod, that, you, Copepods, small fish, Billions · **What happens:** be, live, need, see, eat, drift · **To what, where:** tiny animal, sea, microscope, legs, tiny algae, ocean

<!-- .vabout -->
«copepod» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [copepod in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/copepod.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copepod is a tiny animal with a hard shell and many legs, a relative of crabs and shrimps, that lives in the sea and in fresh water.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:m1:1
# text = A copepod is a tiny animal with a hard shell and many legs, a relative of crabs and shrimps, that lives in the sea and in fresh water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copepod	copepod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	crabs	crab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	shrimps	shrimp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a copepod | a tiny animal |  |  |  | with a hard shell and many legs | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | that |  |  | the sea and fresh water |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copepod is so small you need a microscope to see its legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x1:1
# text = A copepod is so small you need a microscope to see its legs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copepod	copepod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a copepod |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | you | a microscope |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot microscope=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | copepod's legs |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer leg=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copepods eat tiny algae and are eaten by small fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x2:1
# text = Copepods eat tiny algae and are eaten by small fish.
1	Copepods	copepod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	algae	alga	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Copepods | tiny algae |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alga=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present · passive | small fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Billions of copepods drift in the ocean as plankton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x3:1
# text = Billions of copepods drift in the ocean as plankton.
1	Billions	billion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	copepods	copepod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	drift	drift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plankton	plankton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | present | Billions of copepods |  |  | the ocean |  | as plankton | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found copepods in a jar of pond water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x4:1
# text = We found copepods in a jar of pond water.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copepods	copepod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | copepods |  | a jar of pond water |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copepod=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copepods are crustaceans, like crabs and lobsters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x5:1
# text = Copepods are crustaceans, like crabs and lobsters.
1	Copepods	copepod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	crustaceans	crustacean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	crabs	crab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lobsters	lobster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Copepods | crustaceans and crabs and lobsters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without copepods, many ocean food chains would collapse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copepod:x6:1
# text = Without copepods, many ocean food chains would collapse.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	copepods	copepod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	collapse	collapse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collapse** | would | many food chains |  |  |  |  | without copepods | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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