---
title: copier — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «copier» in the school dictionary: A copier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and pictures; it is also called a photocopier. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# copier

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** copier, machine, person, other people, teacher, paper jam · **What happens:** be, make, call, copy, work, run · **To what, where:** machine, paper copies, copier, documents, person, work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«copier» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [copier in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/copier.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and pictures; it is also called a photocopier.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:m1:1
# text = A copier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and pictures; it is also called a photocopier.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a copier | a machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a machine | paper copies of documents and pictures |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive | a machine *not said here* | copier |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **copy** |  |  | documents and pictures |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copier is a person who copies, especially someone who copies other people's work.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:m2:1
# text = A copier is a person who copies, especially someone who copies other people's work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	copies	copy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	appos	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	copies	copy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a copier | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **copy** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **copy** | present |  | other people's work |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme |
| 4 | **work** |  | other people |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made thirty copies on the copier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x1:1
# text = The teacher made thirty copies on the copier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | thirty copies |  | the copier |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The copier ran out of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x2:1
# text = The copier ran out of paper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the copier |  |  | paper |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out paper=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a paper jam in the copier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x3:1
# text = There is a paper jam in the copier.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a paper jam in the copier |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad uses the copier at work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x4:1
# text = Dad uses the copier at work.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Dad | the copier |  | work |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copier=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody likes a copier in a test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x5:1
# text = Nobody likes a copier in a test.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Nobody | a copier |  | a test |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot copier=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library has a copier you can use.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copier:x6:1
# text = The library has a copier you can use.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	copier	copier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the library | a copier |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copier=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | can | you | a copier *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copier=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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