---
title: copious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «copious» in the school dictionary: In large amounts; more than enough: «copious notes», «copious amounts of food». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# copious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, party, Copious rain, river, He, baby · **What happens:** amount, take, have, make, burst, drink · **To what, where:** food, copious notes, copious amounts, cake, banks, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«copious» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [copious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/copious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In large amounts; more than enough: «copious notes», «copious amounts of food».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:m1:1
# text = In large amounts; more than enough: «copious notes», «copious amounts of food».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **amount** *in a quote* |  |  | food |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took copious notes during the science talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x1:1
# text = She took copious notes during the science talk.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | She | copious notes |  |  | during the science talk |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The party had copious amounts of cake and jelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x2:1
# text = The party had copious amounts of cake and jelly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the party | copious amounts of cake and jelly |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Patient |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | cake and jelly |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copious rain made the river burst its banks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x3:1
# text = Copious rain made the river burst its banks.
1	Copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	burst	burst	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Copious rain |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burst** | past | the river | river's banks |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bank=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He drank copious amounts of water after the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x4:1
# text = He drank copious amounts of water after the race.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | He | copious amounts of water |  |  | after the race |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Patient |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby shed copious tears when the balloon popped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x5:1
# text = The baby shed copious tears when the balloon popped.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	popped	pop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | past | the baby | copious tears |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tear=Source |
| 2 | **pop** | past | the balloon |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants need copious watering in a heatwave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copious:x6:1
# text = Plants need copious watering in a heatwave.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	watering	water	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heatwave	heatwave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Plants |  |  |  |  | copious *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **water** | gerund | Plants *not said here* |  |  | a heatwave |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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