---
title: copiously — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «copiously» in the school dictionary: Copiously means in very large amounts, much more than usual. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# copiously

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, river, She, runner, He, you · **What happens:** mean, rain, flood, weep, sweate, take · **To what, where:** end, heat, notes, seedlings, clean cloth, wound

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«copiously» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [copiously in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/copiously.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copiously means in very large amounts, much more than usual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:m1:1
# text = Copiously means in very large amounts, much more than usual.
1	Copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in large amounts; copiously *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in amount=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rained copiously all weekend, and the river flooded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x1:1
# text = It rained copiously all weekend, and the river flooded.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	weekend	weekend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	flooded	flood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | past | It |  |  |  | weekend | copiously *property* | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **flood** | past | the river |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wept copiously at the end of the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x2:1
# text = She wept copiously at the end of the film.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weep** | past | She |  |  |  | at the end of the film | copiously *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner sweated copiously in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x3:1
# text = The runner sweated copiously in the heat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sweated	sweate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweate** | past | the runner |  |  | the heat |  | copiously *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took notes copiously during the science talk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x4:1
# text = He took notes copiously during the science talk.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | He | notes |  |  | during the science talk | copiously *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water the seedlings copiously after planting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x5:1
# text = Water the seedlings copiously after planting.
1	Water	water	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	seedlings	seedling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	planting	plant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **water** | imperative | you *not said here* | the seedlings |  |  |  | copiously *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent seedling=Destination |
| 2 | **plant** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wound bled copiously, so they pressed a clean cloth on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:copiously:x6:1
# text = The wound bled copiously, so they pressed a clean cloth on it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bled	bleed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	copiously	copiously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	pressed	press	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleed** | past | the wound |  |  |  |  | copiously *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 2 | **press** | past | they | a clean cloth |  | wound |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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