---
title: cordial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cordial» in the school dictionary: A sweet concentrated fruit drink that you mix with water: lime cordial, elderflower cordial. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cordial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, cordial, I, Elderflower cordial, formal visitors, two countries · **What happens:** concentrate, mix, be, think, strengthen, cheer · **To what, where:** concentrated fruit drink, medicine, heart, one part, raspberry cordial, cordial welcome · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cordial» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cordial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cordial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet concentrated fruit drink that you mix with water: lime cordial, elderflower cordial.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:m1:1
# text = A sweet concentrated fruit drink that you mix with water: lime cordial, elderflower cordial.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	concentrated	concentrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	mix	mix	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	cordial	cordial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	elderflower	elderflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	cordial	cordial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **concentrate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mix** | present | you | concentrated fruit drink and lime cordial and elderflower cordial |  |  |  | with water | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent that=Patient with water=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet alcoholic drink (liqueur) for adults.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:m2:1
# text = A sweet alcoholic drink (liqueur) for adults.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	alcoholic	alcoholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	liqueur	liqueur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warm and friendly in a polite way: a cordial welcome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:m3:1
# text = Warm and friendly in a polite way: a cordial welcome.
1	Warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	welcome	welcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, a cordial was also a medicine or drink that was thought to strengthen and cheer the heart.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:m4:1
# text = Long ago, a cordial was also a medicine or drink that was thought to strengthen and cheer the heart.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cordial	cordial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	strengthen	strengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a cordial | a medicine or drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | a medicine or drink |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **strengthen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **cheer** | infinitive |  | the heart |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heart=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mix one part cordial with five parts water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x1:1
# text = Mix one part cordial with five parts water.
1	Mix	mix	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | imperative | you *not said here* | one part |  |  |  | with parts water; cordial *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent part=Patient with water=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Australia) Can I have some raspberry cordial?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x2:1
# text = (Australia) Can I have some raspberry cordial?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	raspberry	raspberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cordial	cordial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | I | some raspberry cordial |  |  |  | Australia *vocative* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cordial=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Elderflower cordial is lovely on a hot day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x3:1
# text = Elderflower cordial is lovely on a hot day.
1	Elderflower	elderflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cordial	cordial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Elderflower cordial |  |  |  | day | lovely *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The visitors received a cordial welcome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x4:1
# text = (formal) The visitors received a cordial welcome.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	welcome	welcome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | the formal visitors | a cordial welcome |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent welcome=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries have cordial relations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x5:1
# text = The two countries have cordial relations.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the two countries | cordial relations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relation=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
50 ml of cordial with 250 ml of water makes 300 ml of drink.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x6:1
# text = 50 ml of cordial with 250 ml of water makes 300 ml of drink.
1	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	ml	ml	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	250	250	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	ml	ml	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	ml	ml	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | 50 ml of cordial | 300 ml of drink |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ml=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“In love he is,” Cona’n grumbled. “A cordial for women, a disease for men, a state of wretchedness.”

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* “In love he is,” Cona’n grumbled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x7:1
# text = “In love he is,” Cona’n grumbled.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	Cona’n	Cona'n	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	grumbled	grumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *in a quote* | present | he | love *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot love=Theme |
| 2 | **grumble** *speech: other* | past | Cona’n |  |  | love |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* “A cordial for women, a disease for men, a state of wretchedness.”

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cordial:x7:2
# text = “A cordial for women, a disease for men, a state of wretchedness.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cordial	cordial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	wretchedness	wretchedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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