---
title: corona — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «corona» in the school dictionary: The hot outer layer of gas around the Sun, seen as a glowing ring during a total solar eclipse. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# corona

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, corona, Coronaviruses · **What happens:** see, glow, be, close, look, have · **To what, where:** hot outer layer, corona, Schools, crown, spikes, moon

<!-- .vabout -->
«corona» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [corona in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/corona.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hot outer layer of gas around the Sun, seen as a glowing ring during a total solar eclipse.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:m1:1
# text = The hot outer layer of gas around the Sun, seen as a glowing ring during a total solar eclipse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	around	around	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	solar	solar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | participle |  | the hot outer layer of gas around the Sun *not said here* |  |  | during a total solar eclipse | as a glowing ring | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as ring=Attribute |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for coronavirus, especially COVID-19.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:m2:1
# text = Short for coronavirus, especially COVID-19.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	coronavirus	coronavirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	COVID	COVID	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ring of light around something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:m3:1
# text = A ring of light around something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the eclipse we saw the Sun's corona.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x1:1
# text = During the eclipse we saw the Sun's corona.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | the Sun's corona |  |  | during the eclipse |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer corona=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The corona is hotter than the Sun's surface.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x2:1
# text = The corona is hotter than the Sun's surface.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the corona |  |  |  |  | than the Sun's surface; hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Schools closed during the corona pandemic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x3:1
# text = Schools closed during the corona pandemic.
1	Schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle · passive |  | Schools |  |  | during the corona pandemic |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coronaviruses look like they have a crown of spikes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x4:1
# text = Coronaviruses look like they have a crown of spikes.
1	Coronaviruses	coronavirus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Coronaviruses |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** | present | Coronaviruses *= coronavirus* | a crown of spikes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crown=Patient |
| 3 | **crown** |  |  | spikes |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A corona of light shone around the moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x5:1
# text = A corona of light shone around the moon.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | a corona of light *not said here* |  | the moon |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around moon=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Corona means crown in Latin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corona:x6:1
# text = Corona means crown in Latin.
1	Corona	corona	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Corona | crown |  |  |  | in Latin | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot crown=Theme in latin=Attribute |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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