---
title: correlation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «correlation» in the school dictionary: A connection or relationship between two things, where they change together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# correlation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, measure, positive correlation, graph, temperature, coat sales · **What happens:** change, go up, show, measure, be, rise · **To what, where:** scatter graph, two sets, negative correlation, other, correlation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«correlation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [correlation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/correlation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A connection or relationship between two things, where they change together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:m1:1
# text = A connection or relationship between two things, where they change together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths, science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A measure of how closely two sets of numbers go up or down together, as shown on a scatter graph.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:m2:1
# text = A measure of how closely two sets of numbers go up or down together, as shown on a scatter graph.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	sets	set	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	_
14	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	scatter	scat	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
21	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | a measure of two sets of numbers |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **show** | participle | a measure of two sets of numbers *not said here* |  |  | a scatter graph |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **measure** |  |  | two sets of numbers |  |  |  |  | nom measure «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a positive correlation between height and shoe size.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:x1:1
# text = There is a positive correlation between height and shoe size.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	correlation	correlation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a positive correlation between height and shoe size |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The graph shows a negative correlation: as temperature rises, coat sales fall.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:x2:1
# text = The graph shows a negative correlation: as temperature rises, coat sales fall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	correlation	correlation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the graph | a negative correlation |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent correlation=Recipient |
| 2 | **rise** | present | temperature |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fall** | present | coat sales |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was no correlation between hair colour and test scores.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:x3:1
# text = There was no correlation between hair colour and test scores.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	correlation	correlation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	scores	score	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no correlation between hair colour and test scores |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Correlation does not mean one thing causes the other.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:x4:1
# text = Correlation does not mean one thing causes the other.
1	Correlation	correlation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support | Correlation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | present | one thing | the other |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition other=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists found a correlation between exercise and sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:correlation:x5:1
# text = Scientists found a correlation between exercise and sleep.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	correlation	correlation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Scientists | a correlation |  |  |  | between exercise and sleep | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent correlation=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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