---
title: corrugated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «corrugated» in the school dictionary: Shaped into a row of ridges and grooves, like waves, so the material is stronger; corrugated iron and corrugated cardboard are made this way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# corrugated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** material, old farm shed, We, Rain, car, Corrugated boxes · **What happens:** shape, be, corrugate, make, wrinkle, fold · **To what, where:** row, corrugated iron, lines, rusty corrugated iron roof, model house, corrugated cardboard

<!-- .vabout -->
«corrugated» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [corrugated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/corrugated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shaped into a row of ridges and grooves, like waves, so the material is stronger; corrugated iron and corrugated cardboard are made this way.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:m1:1
# text = Shaped into a row of ridges and grooves, like waves, so the material is stronger; corrugated iron and corrugated cardboard are made this way.
1	Shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ridges	ridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	grooves	groove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  | a row of ridges and grooves and waves |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent into row=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | the material |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | present · passive |  | corrugated iron and corrugated cardboard |  |  |  | this way *obl:unmarked* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wrinkled or folded into lines, like a frowning forehead.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:m2:1
# text = Wrinkled or folded into lines, like a frowning forehead.
1	Wrinkled	wrinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	folded	fold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	frowning	frown	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrinkle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fold** | participle |  |  |  | lines like a frowning forehead |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into line=Product |
| 3 | **frown** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old farm shed had a rusty corrugated iron roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x1:1
# text = The old farm shed had a rusty corrugated iron roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
9	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old farm shed | a rusty corrugated iron roof |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roof=Patient |
| 2 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a model house out of corrugated cardboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x2:1
# text = We built a model house out of corrugated cardboard.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a model house |  | corrugated cardboard |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Product |
| 2 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain drummed loudly on the corrugated roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x3:1
# text = Rain drummed loudly on the corrugated roof.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drummed	drum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drum** | past | Rain |  |  |  |  | on the corrugated roof; loudly *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent on roof=Patient |
| 2 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the experiment, the corrugated card held more coins than the flat card.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x4:1
# text = In the experiment, the corrugated card held more coins than the flat card.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | participle · passive |  | the corrugated card |  | the experiment |  | than the flat card | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme coin=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car shook all the way along the corrugated dirt road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x5:1
# text = The car shook all the way along the corrugated dirt road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	along	along	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
10	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the car | all way |  | the corrugated dirt road |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent way=Theme along road=Trajectory |
| 2 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His brow was corrugated with worry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x6:1
# text = His brow was corrugated with worry.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brow	brow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **corrugate** | past · passive |  | His brow |  |  |  | with worry | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with worry=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Corrugated boxes protect parcels in the post.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corrugated:x7:1
# text = Corrugated boxes protect parcels in the post.
1	Corrugated	corrugate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	parcels	parcel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **corrugate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **protect** | present | Corrugated boxes | parcels |  | the post |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parcel=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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