---
title: corundum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «corundum» in the school dictionary: Corundum is a very hard natural mineral made of aluminium oxide; rubies and sapphires are coloured kinds of corundum. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# corundum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Corundum, rubies, scale corundum, diamond, Emery boards, Pure corundum · **What happens:** be, make, contain, have, show · **To what, where:** hard natural mineral, coloured kinds, corundum, 9, 10, colour

<!-- .vabout -->
«corundum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [corundum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/corundum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Corundum is a very hard natural mineral made of aluminium oxide; rubies and sapphires are coloured kinds of corundum.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:m1:1
# text = Corundum is a very hard natural mineral made of aluminium oxide; rubies and sapphires are coloured kinds of corundum.
1	Corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	aluminium	aluminium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	oxide	oxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Corundum | a hard natural mineral and coloured kinds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a hard natural mineral and coloured kinds *not said here* |  |  |  | of aluminium oxide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **is a** | present | rubies and sapphires | coloured kinds |  |  |  | of corundum | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubies and sapphires are both corundum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x1:1
# text = Rubies and sapphires are both corundum.
1	Rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	sapphires	sapphire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rubies and sapphires | both corundum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Corundum is harder than almost any other mineral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x2:1
# text = Corundum is harder than almost any other mineral.
1	Corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mineral	mineral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Corundum |  |  |  |  | than any other mineral; hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the Mohs scale, corundum is 9 and diamond is 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x3:1
# text = On the Mohs scale, corundum is 9 and diamond is 10.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Mohs	Mohs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	diamond	diamond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | scale corundum | 9 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | diamond | 10 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emery boards for nails contain corundum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x4:1
# text = Emery boards for nails contain corundum.
1	Emery	emery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	contain	contain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | Emery boards for nails | corundum |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot corundum=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pure corundum has no colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x5:1
# text = Pure corundum has no colour.
1	Pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Pure corundum | no colour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum showed a big red crystal of corundum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:corundum:x6:1
# text = The museum showed a big red crystal of corundum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crystal	crystal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	corundum	corundum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the museum | a big red crystal of corundum |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent crystal=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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