---
title: cos — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cos» in the school dictionary: A short spoken form of "because", also written 'cause or coz. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cos

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, it, you, face, We, Mum · **What happens:** speak, write, use, not go out, rain, laugh · **To what, where:** function, triangles, cos, tired cos, her, calculator · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cos» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cos in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cos.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang, informal, UK and elsewhere — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short spoken form of "because", also written 'cause or coz.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:m1:1
# text = A short spoken form of "because", also written 'cause or coz.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	coz	coz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for "cosine", a function used with angles in triangles (older pupils).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:m2:1
# text = Short for "cosine", a function used with angles in triangles (older pupils).
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cosine	cosine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	angles	angle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a function *not said here* |  | triangles |  | with angles | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I didn't go out cos it was raining.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x1:1
# text = I didn't go out cos it was raining.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go out** | past · do-support | I |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rain** | past · progressive | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Why are you laughing?" "Cos your face is funny!"

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Why are you laughing?" "

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x2:1
# text = "Why are you laughing?" "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Cos your face is funny!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x2:2
# text = Cos your face is funny!"
1	Cos	cos	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cos** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | your face |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stayed in cos Mum said so.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x3:1
# text = We stayed in cos Mum said so.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cos	cos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | We |  |  | cos |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cos=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's tired cos he stayed up late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x4:1
# text = He's tired cos he stayed up late.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cos	cos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | tired cos |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay up** | past | he | tired cos *not said here* |  |  |  | late *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme cos=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like her cos she's kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x5:1
# text = I like her cos she's kind.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot she=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | she |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a calculator, press cos to find the cosine of an angle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cos:x6:1
# text = On a calculator, press cos to find the cosine of an angle.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	calculator	calculator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	press	press	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	cos	cos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cosine	cosine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | imperative | you *not said here* | cos |  | a calculator |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cos=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the cosine of a angle |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cosine=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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