---
title: cosmonaut — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cosmonaut» in the school dictionary: A cosmonaut is an astronaut from Russia or, in the past, from the Soviet Union. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cosmonaut

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cosmonaut, Yuri, Valentina, Cosmonauts, class · **What happens:** be, orbit, float, work together, train, write · **To what, where:** astronaut, Russia, first cosmonaut, Earth, first woman cosmonaut, cosmonaut

<!-- .vabout -->
«cosmonaut» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cosmonaut in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cosmonaut.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cosmonaut is an astronaut from Russia or, in the past, from the Soviet Union.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:m1:1
# text = A cosmonaut is an astronaut from Russia or, in the past, from the Soviet Union.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	astronaut	astronaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cosmonaut | a astronaut or the past and the Soviet Union |  | Russia |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yuri Gagarin was the first cosmonaut to orbit the Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x1:1
# text = Yuri Gagarin was the first cosmonaut to orbit the Earth.
1	Yuri	Yuri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Gagarin	Gagarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	orbit	orbit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Yuri | the first cosmonaut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **orbit** | to-infinitive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman cosmonaut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x2:1
# text = Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman cosmonaut.
1	Valentina	Valentina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Tereshkova	Tereshkova	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Valentina | the first woman cosmonaut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cosmonaut floated inside the space station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x3:1
# text = The cosmonaut floated inside the space station.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	floated	float	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | participle |  | the cosmonaut *not said here* |  | the space station |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside station=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cosmonauts and astronauts work together on the International Space Station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x4:1
# text = Cosmonauts and astronauts work together on the International Space Station.
1	Cosmonauts	cosmonaut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	International	International	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	Space	Space	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Station	Station	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work together** | present | Cosmonauts and astronauts |  |  |  |  | on the International Space Station; together *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on station=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cosmonaut trained for years before her flight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x5:1
# text = The cosmonaut trained for years before her flight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle |  | the cosmonaut *not said here* |  |  | before her flight; year |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class wrote questions for a retired cosmonaut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cosmonaut:x6:1
# text = Our class wrote questions for a retired cosmonaut.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cosmonaut	cosmonaut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Our class | questions |  |  |  | for a retired cosmonaut | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent question=Result for cosmonaut=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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