---
title: costless — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «costless» in the school dictionary: Costing no money; free. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# costless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Walking, Borrowing, mistake, we, Smiling, Nothing · **What happens:** cost, do, walk, be, borrow, notice · **To what, where:** money, book, library, mistake, people, lot

<!-- .vabout -->
«costless» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [costless in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/costless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Costing no money; free.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:m1:1
# text = Costing no money; free.
1	Costing	cost	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | gerund |  | no money |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme money=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done without any loss, harm or effort: «a costless mistake».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:m2:1
# text = Done without any loss, harm or effort: «a costless mistake».
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | without any loss | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking to school is costless and good for you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x1:1
# text = Walking to school is costless and good for you.
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to school *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to school=Result |
| 2 | **is** | present | Walking |  |  |  |  | costless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Walking *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for you | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Borrowing a book from the library is costless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x2:1
# text = Borrowing a book from the library is costless.
1	Borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | gerund |  | a book |  | the library |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source |
| 2 | **is** | present | Borrowing |  |  |  |  | costless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mistake was costless because we noticed it in time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x3:1
# text = The mistake was costless because we noticed it in time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mistake |  |  |  |  | costless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **notice** | past | we | mistake |  |  | time |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smiling at people is costless but makes them happy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x4:1
# text = Smiling at people is costless but makes them happy.
1	Smiling	smile	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | at people | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Smiling |  |  |  |  | costless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | Smiling *not said here* | people |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing in life is completely costless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x5:1
# text = Nothing in life is completely costless.
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Nothing |  |  |  |  | completely, costless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plan looked costless, but it took a lot of time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:costless:x6:1
# text = The plan looked costless, but it took a lot of time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	costless	costless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the plan |  |  |  |  | costless *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **take** | past | it | a lot of time |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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