---
title: cotswold — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cotswold» in the school dictionary: The Cotswolds are a range of gentle hills and pretty villages in south-central England, famous for honey-coloured stone houses and sheep. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cotswold

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cotswolds, We, Cotswold sheep, Medieval wool merchants, Cotswold villages, class · **What happens:** be, go, walk, build, have, grow · **To what, where:** range, Cotswolds, cottages, curly wool, dry stone walls

<!-- .vabout -->
«cotswold» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cotswold in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cotswold.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name, a place — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cotswolds are a range of gentle hills and pretty villages in south-central England, famous for honey-coloured stone houses and sheep.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:m1:1
# text = The Cotswolds are a range of gentle hills and pretty villages in south-central England, famous for honey-coloured stone houses and sheep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cotswolds	Cotswold	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	pretty	pretty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	south	south	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Cotswolds | a range |  |  |  | of gentle hills in central England and pretty villages | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective, «Cotswold» — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the Cotswolds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:m2:1
# text = From the Cotswolds.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Cotswolds	Cotswold	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cotswold stone, Cotswold sheep, Cotswold villages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:m2e:1
# text = Cotswold stone, Cotswold sheep, Cotswold villages.
1	Cotswold	Cotswold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Cotswold	Cotswold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	Cotswold	cotswold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went walking in the Cotswolds in the summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x1:1
# text = We went walking in the Cotswolds in the summer.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Cotswolds	Cotswold	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the Cotswolds | summer |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cotswold=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cottages are built of golden Cotswold stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x2:1
# text = The cottages are built of golden Cotswold stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cottages	cottage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Cotswold	Cotswold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | the cottages |  |  |  | of golden Cotswold stone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cotswold sheep have long curly wool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x3:1
# text = Cotswold sheep have long curly wool.
1	Cotswold	cotswold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cotswold sheep | curly wool |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wool=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Medieval wool merchants grew rich in the Cotswolds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x4:1
# text = Medieval wool merchants grew rich in the Cotswolds.
1	Medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Cotswolds	Cotswold	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Medieval wool merchants |  |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Cotswold villages have dry-stone walls and old churches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x5:1
# text = The Cotswold villages have dry-stone walls and old churches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Cotswold	cotswold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Cotswold villages | dry stone walls and old churches |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class looked at the Cotswolds on the map of England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cotswold:x6:1
# text = Our class looked at the Cotswolds on the map of England.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Cotswolds	Cotswold	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Our class |  |  |  |  | on the map of England; at the Cotswolds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cotswold=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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