---
title: cougar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cougar» in the school dictionary: A cougar is a large wild cat of North and South America, with brown fur and a long tail; it is also called a puma or mountain lion. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cougar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cougar, large wild cat, rude word, Cougars, sign, We · **What happens:** be, call, grow, use, creep, hunt · **To what, where:** large wild cat, cougar, rocks, deer, mountains, Cougar country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cougar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cougar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/cougar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cougar is a large wild cat of North and South America, with brown fur and a long tail; it is also called a puma or mountain lion.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:m1:1
# text = A cougar is a large wild cat of North and South America, with brown fur and a long tail; it is also called a puma or mountain lion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	also	also	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	xcomp	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cougar | a large wild cat and brown fur and a long tail |  |  |  | of North America | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive | a large wild cat and brown fur and a long tail *not said here* | cougar |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, adult slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
a rude word grown-ups use; not for school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:m2:1
# text = a rude word grown-ups use; not for school.
1	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | a rude word |  |  |  |  | for school | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cougar crept silently through the rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x1:1
# text = The cougar crept silently through the rocks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	silently	silently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | the cougar |  |  | the rocks |  | silently *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through rock=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cougar is also called a puma or a mountain lion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x2:1
# text = A cougar is also called a puma or a mountain lion.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | a cougar |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cougars hunt deer in the mountains of Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x3:1
# text = Cougars hunt deer in the mountains of Canada.
1	Cougars	cougar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Cougars | deer |  | the mountains of Canada |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent deer=Theme in mountain=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign in the park said: «Cougar country — keep children close».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x4:1
# text = The sign in the park said: «Cougar country — keep children close».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign in the park | Cougar country |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | children |  |  |  | close *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cougar can leap higher than a basketball hoop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x5:1
# text = A cougar can leap higher than a basketball hoop.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	basketball	basketball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	hoop	hoop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | can | a cougar |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a cougar at the zoo, sleeping in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:cougar:x6:1
# text = We saw a cougar at the zoo, sleeping in the sun.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cougar	cougar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	sleeping	sleep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a cougar |  | the zoo |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cougar=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sleep** | gerund |  |  |  | the sun. |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun.=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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