---
title: counselling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «counselling» in the school dictionary: Help and advice from a trained person who listens to someone with problems or worries and helps them think things through. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# counselling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trained person, worries, Grandad, I, Counselling, her · **What happens:** train, listen, help, think, die, have · **To what, where:** worries, things, counselling, school, her, safe place

<!-- .vabout -->
«counselling» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [counselling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/counselling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Help and advice from a trained person who listens to someone with problems or worries and helps them think things through.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:m1:1
# text = Help and advice from a trained person who listens to someone with problems or worries and helps them think things through.
1	Help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	through	through	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **listen** | present | a trained person |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to someone=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | present | a trained person *not said here* | worries *= worry* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | worries *= worry* *not said here* | things |  |  |  | through *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Advice in general (formal).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:m2:1
# text = Advice in general (formal).
1	Advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After Grandad died, I had some counselling at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x1:1
# text = After Grandad died, I had some counselling at school.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	counselling	counselling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | past | I | some counselling |  | school |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counselling=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counselling helped her feel less worried.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x2:1
# text = Counselling helped her feel less worried.
1	Counselling	counselling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Counselling | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | her *= she* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | worried *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school counsellor listens and keeps things private.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x3:1
# text = The school counsellor listens and keeps things private.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	counsellor	counsellor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | the school counsellor |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | present | the school counsellor *not said here* | things |  |  |  | private *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum and Dad went to counselling to talk things through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x4:1
# text = Mum and Dad went to counselling to talk things through.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	counselling	counselling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	through	through	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Mum and Dad |  |  | counselling |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to counselling=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive | Mum and Dad *not said here* | things |  |  |  | through *property* | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is free counselling for children on helplines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x5:1
# text = There is free counselling for children on helplines.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	counselling	counselling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	helplines	helpline	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | free counselling for children on helplines |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counselling is a safe place to talk about feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counselling:x6:1
# text = Counselling is a safe place to talk about feelings.
1	Counselling	counselling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Counselling | a safe place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about feelings | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about feeling=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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