---
title: counterfeit — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «counterfeit» in the school dictionary: Made to look exactly like something real in order to trick people; fake, like counterfeit money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/counterfeit/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [C](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/) / counterfeit

# counterfeit

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** counterfeit, shop, Making, watermark, note, Police · **What happens:** make, look, trick, mean, pretend, be · **To what, where:** something, people, fake money, someone, voice, Counterfeit toys · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«counterfeit» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [counterfeit in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/counterfeit.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made to look exactly like something real in order to trick people; fake, like counterfeit money.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:m1:1
# text = Made to look exactly like something real in order to trick people; fake, like counterfeit money.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
7	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
9	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	fixed	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Attribute |
| 3 | **trick** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fake copy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:m2:1
# text = A fake copy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make fake money or goods illegally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:m3:1
# text = To make fake money or goods illegally.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	conj	_	_
7	illegally	illegally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | fake money or goods |  |  |  | illegally *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To counterfeit can also mean to pretend to be someone by copying their voice or looks.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:m4:1
# text = To counterfeit can also mean to pretend to be someone by copying their voice or looks.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
2	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pretend	pretend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	copying	copy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | counterfeit |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pretend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | counterfeit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | counterfeit *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **copy** | gerund |  | their voice |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Theme |
| 5 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop checks for counterfeit £20 notes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x1:1
# text = The shop checks for counterfeit £20 notes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checks	check	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	£	£	SYM	$	_	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | the shop |  |  |  |  | for counterfeit | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for counterfeit=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Counterfeit toys may not be safety tested.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x2:1
# text = Counterfeit toys may not be safety tested.
1	Counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **test** | may · passive |  | Counterfeit toys |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making counterfeit money is a serious crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x3:1
# text = Making counterfeit money is a serious crime.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | counterfeit money |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset money=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Making | a serious crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The watermark showed the note was counterfeit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x4:1
# text = The watermark showed the note was counterfeit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	watermark	watermark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the watermark |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the note | counterfeit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police seized thousands of counterfeit watches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x5:1
# text = Police seized thousands of counterfeit watches.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	watches	watch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | Police | thousands of counterfeit watches |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forger counterfeited old coins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x6:1
# text = The forger counterfeited old coins.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forger	forger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	counterfeited	counterfeit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **counterfeit** | past | the forger | old coins |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Your grandchild, Little Red Riding-Hood,” replied the Wolf, counterfeiting her voice; “who has brought you a custard and a little pot of butter sent you by mamma.”

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:counterfeit:x7:1
# text = “Your grandchild, Little Red Riding-Hood,” replied the Wolf, counterfeiting her voice; “who has brought you a custard and a little pot of butter sent you by mamma.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	grandchild	grandchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	Riding	Riding	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Hood	Hood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
12	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	counterfeiting	counterfeit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	custard	custard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
34	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	33	iobj	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	mamma	mamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Your grandchild | the Wolf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **counterfeit** | gerund | Your grandchild *not said here* | grandchild's voice |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **send** *in a quote* | participle · passive | mamma | a little pot of butter | you |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent subject=Destination you=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [counterexample](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/counterexample/)
- next →: [counterpane](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/counterpane/)
- ↑ back to [C in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/C/)