---
title: courageous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courageous» in the school dictionary: Courageous means brave: willing to do something frightening, difficult or dangerous because it is right. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courageous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Courageous, it, courageous firefighter, Standing, She, you · **What happens:** mean, do, be, run, tell, stand up · **To what, where:** something, burning house, truth, courageous thing, courageous little dog, courageous decision · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courageous» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courageous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courageous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courageous means brave: willing to do something frightening, difficult or dangerous because it is right.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:m1:1
# text = Courageous means brave: willing to do something frightening, difficult or dangerous because it is right.
1	Courageous	Courageous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	willing	willing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	frightening	frightening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Courageous |  |  |  |  | brave *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Courageous *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courageous firefighter ran into the burning house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x1:1
# text = The courageous firefighter ran into the burning house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	firefighter	firefighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the courageous firefighter |  |  |  |  | into the burning house *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into house=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was courageous of Lily to tell the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x2:1
# text = It was courageous of Lily to tell the truth.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | of Lily; courageous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standing up for the new girl was a courageous thing to do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x3:1
# text = Standing up for the new girl was a courageous thing to do.
1	Standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for the new girl | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Standing | a courageous thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courageous little dog barked at the bear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x4:1
# text = The courageous little dog barked at the bear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	barked	bark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | participle |  | the courageous little dog *not said here* |  |  |  | at the bear | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at bear=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She made a courageous decision to try again after falling off her bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x5:1
# text = She made a courageous decision to try again after falling off her bike.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | She | a courageous decision |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Product |
| 2 | **try** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a courageous decision *not said here* |  |  | again |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **fall off** | gerund | She *not said here* | her bike |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient bike=Extent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being courageous doesn't mean you aren't scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x6:1
# text = Being courageous doesn't mean you aren't scared.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	csubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | courageous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good fortune gives courage, and Rudy was always courageous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courageous:x7:1
# text = Good fortune gives courage, and Rudy was always courageous.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fortune	fortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	_
10	courageous	courageous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Good fortune | courage |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Rudy |  |  |  |  | always, courageous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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