---
title: courier — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courier» in the school dictionary: A courier is a person or company that delivers parcels, letters or documents quickly to people's homes or businesses. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courier

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** courier, person, Mum, text, you, couriers · **What happens:** be, deliver, look, courier, mean, send · **To what, where:** person, parcels, homes, someone, something, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courier» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courier in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courier.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A courier is a person or company that delivers parcels, letters or documents quickly to people's homes or businesses.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:m1:1
# text = A courier is a person or company that delivers parcels, letters or documents quickly to people's homes or businesses.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	delivers	deliver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	parcels	parcel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
15	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a courier | a person or company |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **deliver** | present | a person or company | parcels and letters or documents |  | people's homes or businesses |  | quickly *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent parcel=Theme to home=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A courier is also someone who looks after a group of tourists on a trip.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:m2:1
# text = A courier is also someone who looks after a group of tourists on a trip.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	tourists	tourist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a courier | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  | after a group of tourists on a trip |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To courier something means to send it by courier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:m3:1
# text = To courier something means to send it by courier.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	courier	courier	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **courier** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **send** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | by courier | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courier left the parcel on our doorstep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x1:1
# text = The courier left the parcel on our doorstep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	parcel	parcel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	doorstep	doorstep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the courier | the parcel |  | our doorstep |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent parcel=Theme on doorstep=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The documents were sent by courier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x2:1
# text = The documents were sent by courier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive | courier | the documents |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bike courier raced through the city traffic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x3:1
# text = A bike courier raced through the city traffic.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | participle |  | a bike courier *not said here* |  | the city traffic |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through traffic=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum got a text saying the courier would come at noon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x4:1
# text = Mum got a text saying the courier would come at noon.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Mum | a text |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer text=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a text *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** | would | the courier |  |  |  | noon |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courier asked me to sign for the package.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x5:1
# text = The courier asked me to sign for the package.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	package	package	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the courier |  | me |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sign** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the courier *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the package | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent for package=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beware of fake messages from couriers asking for money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x6:1
# text = Beware of fake messages from couriers asking for money.
1	Beware	beware	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	couriers	courier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beware** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of fake messages from couriers | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | couriers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for money | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They couriered the tickets to our house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x7:1
# text = They couriered the tickets to our house.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	couriered	courier	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **courier** | past | They | the tickets |  |  |  | to our house | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then came a courier bearing the congratulations of the King and Queen, who had just heard of his successful return, and there was even a graceful compliment from Sabella herself.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courier:x8:1
# text = Then came a courier bearing the congratulations of the King and Queen, who had just heard of his successful return, and there was even a graceful compliment from Sabella herself.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	courier	courier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	congratulations	congratulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	successful	successful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	25	expl	_	_
25	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
26	even	even	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	compliment	compliment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Sabella	Sabella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | a courier |  |  | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location courier=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | gerund |  | the congratulations of the King and Queen |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent congratulation=Patient |
| 3 | **hear** | past · perfect | the King and Queen |  |  |  |  | of his successful return | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of return=Stimulus |
| 4 | **be** | past | a graceful compliment from Sabella |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **congratulate** |  | the King and Queen |  |  |  |  |  | nom congratulation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **return** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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