---
title: courteously — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courteously» in the school dictionary: In a polite, kind and respectful way, showing good manners. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courteously

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** polite way, way, officials, waiter, you, She · **What happens:** show, be, expect, behave, answer, hold · **To what, where:** good manners, officials, us, visitors, door, bus driver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courteously» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courteously in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courteously.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a polite, kind and respectful way, showing good manners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:m1:1
# text = In a polite, kind and respectful way, showing good manners.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	respectful	respectful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | gerund | a polite way *not said here* | good manners |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent manners=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a way that is correct and considerate, as officials or shop staff are expected to behave.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:m2:1
# text = In a way that is correct and considerate, as officials or shop staff are expected to behave.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	considerate	considerate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	behave	behave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | correct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **expect** | present · passive |  | officials or shop staff |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **behave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | officials or shop staff *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waiter courteously showed us to our table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x1:1
# text = The waiter courteously showed us to our table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waiter	waiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the waiter |  | us |  |  | to our table; courteously *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Topic to table=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please answer the visitors courteously.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x2:1
# text = Please answer the visitors courteously.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the visitors |  |  | courteously *property* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent visitor=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She courteously held the door open for the man with the pram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x3:1
# text = She courteously held the door open for the man with the pram.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pram	pram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | She | the door |  |  |  | for the man with the pram; courteously, open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He courteously thanked the bus driver as he got off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x4:1
# text = He courteously thanked the bus driver as he got off.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	thanked	thank	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | past | He |  | the bus driver |  |  | courteously *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Theme |
| 2 | **get off** | past | driver |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight bowed courteously to the queen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x5:1
# text = The knight bowed courteously to the queen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | to the queen; courteously *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to queen=Pivot |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even when the customer shouted, the shop assistant replied courteously.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x6:1
# text = Even when the customer shouted, the shop assistant replied courteously.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	customer	customer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	assistant	assistant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the customer |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | the shop assistant |  |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Passengers are courteously requested to remain seated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x7:1
# text = (formal) Passengers are courteously requested to remain seated.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Passengers	passenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	requested	request	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **request** | present · passive |  | formal Passengers |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn beg-58.2 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Boy,” she said courteously, “why are you crying?”

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courteously:x8:1
# text = “Boy,” she said courteously, “why are you crying?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Boy	Boy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | Boy |  |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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