---
title: courtesy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courtesy» in the school dictionary: Courtesy is polite, kind and respectful behaviour towards other people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courtesy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Courtesy, It, He, hotel, photos, you · **What happens:** be, mean, give, make, say, thank · **To what, where:** polite act, common courtesy, you, door, free courtesy bus, courtesy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courtesy» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courtesy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courtesy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courtesy is polite, kind and respectful behaviour towards other people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:m1:1
# text = Courtesy is polite, kind and respectful behaviour towards other people.
1	Courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	respectful	respectful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Courtesy |  |  |  |  | towards other people; polite *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Courtesy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A courtesy is a polite act or remark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:m2:1
# text = A courtesy is a polite act or remark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	remark	remark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a courtesy | a polite act or remark |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courtesy (bus, car, call) means given free as a polite service.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:m3:1
# text = Courtesy (bus, car, call) means given free as a polite service.
1	Courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
11	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Courtesy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | free *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Courtesy of» means given or made possible by someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:m4:1
# text = «Courtesy of» means given or made possible by someone.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
9	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Courtesy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by someone; possible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is common courtesy to say thank you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x1:1
# text = It is common courtesy to say thank you.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	thank	thank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | common courtesy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | infinitive |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He held the door open out of courtesy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x2:1
# text = He held the door open out of courtesy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | He | the door |  |  |  | open *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hotel has a free courtesy bus to the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x3:1
# text = The hotel has a free courtesy bus to the airport.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the hotel | a free courtesy bus |  |  |  | to the airport | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bus=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photos are courtesy of our school club.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x4:1
# text = The photos are courtesy of our school club.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the photos | courtesy |  |  |  | of our school club | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please show courtesy to visitors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x5:1
# text = Please show courtesy to visitors.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | imperative | you *not said here* | courtesy | visitors |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent courtesy=Topic to visitor=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The garage gave us a courtesy car while ours was fixed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x6:1
# text = The garage gave us a courtesy car while ours was fixed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	garage	garage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the garage | a courtesy car | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient car=Theme |
| 2 | **fix** | past · passive |  | ours |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Thanks for your courtesy,’ replied Simon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtesy:x7:1
# text = ‘Thanks for your courtesy,’ replied Simon.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Simon	Simon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Thanks for your courtesy |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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