---
title: courtier — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courtier» in the school dictionary: A person who spends time at the court of a king or queen, as an adviser, friend or attendant. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courtier

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, courtiers, queen, Walter, courtier, King · **What happens:** spend, bow, enter, have, be, say · **To what, where:** court, fairy tale, clothes, courtier, command · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courtier» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courtier in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courtier.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who spends time at the court of a king or queen, as an adviser, friend or attendant.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:m1:1
# text = A person who spends time at the court of a king or queen, as an adviser, friend or attendant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spends	spend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	adviser	adviser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	attendant	attendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | present | a person |  |  | the court of a king or queen | time | as a adviser | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as adviser=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courtiers bowed as the queen entered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x1:1
# text = The courtiers bowed as the queen entered.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | past | the courtiers |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **enter** | past | the queen |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Henry VIII's courtiers had to be careful what they said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x2:1
# text = Henry VIII's courtiers had to be careful what they said.
1	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	VIII	VIII	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
4	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Henry's courtiers |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | Henry's courtiers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | courtiers *= courtier* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fairy tale, the courtiers pretended to see the emperor's clothes.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x3:1
# text = In the fairy tale, the courtiers pretended to see the emperor's clothes.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | past | the courtiers |  |  | the fairy tale |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | the courtiers *not said here* | the emperor's clothes |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer clothes=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sir Walter Raleigh was a courtier of Elizabeth I.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x4:1
# text = Sir Walter Raleigh was a courtier of Elizabeth I.
1	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Walter	Walter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	Raleigh	Raleigh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	courtier	courtier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Elizabeth	Elizabeth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	I.	I.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Walter  Sir | a courtier |  |  |  | of Elizabeth | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courtiers whispered about the new king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x5:1
# text = The courtiers whispered about the new king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courtiers	courtier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	whispered	whisper	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past | the courtiers |  |  |  |  | about the new king | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about king=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just then the courtier arrived, bearing the King’s command.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtier:x6:1
# text = Just then the courtier arrived, bearing the King’s command.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	courtier	courtier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’s	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | the courtier |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | gerund | the courtier *not said here* | the King's command |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent command=Patient |
| 3 | **command** |  | the King |  |  |  |  |  | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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