---
title: courtroom — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courtroom» in the school dictionary: The room in a law court where trials and hearings take place, with places for the judge, the jury, the lawyers, the person accused and the public. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courtroom

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trials, courtroom, judge, class, Everyone, witness · **What happens:** take, accuse, fall, come in, turn, stand · **To what, where:** place, person, hall, courtroom, front, courtroom dramas

<!-- .vabout -->
«courtroom» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courtroom in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courtroom.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room in a law court where trials and hearings take place, with places for the judge, the jury, the lawyers, the person accused and the public.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:m1:1
# text = The room in a law court where trials and hearings take place, with places for the judge, the jury, the lawyers, the person accused and the public.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
8	trials	trial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hearings	hearing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
28	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | trials and hearings | place |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 2 | **accuse** | participle |  | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The courtroom fell silent as the judge came in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x1:1
# text = The courtroom fell silent as the judge came in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | the courtroom |  |  |  |  | silent *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come in** | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class turned the hall into a courtroom for a mock trial.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x2:1
# text = Our class turned the hall into a courtroom for a mock trial.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	mock	mock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Our class | the hall |  | a courtroom |  | for a mock trial | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent hall=Theme into courtroom=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone in the courtroom must stand when the judge enters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x3:1
# text = Everyone in the courtroom must stand when the judge enters.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	enters	enter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | must | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **enter** | present | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witness sat nervously at the front of the courtroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x4:1
# text = The witness sat nervously at the front of the courtroom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nervously	nervously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the witness |  |  | the front of the courtroom |  | nervously *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at front=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle loves courtroom dramas on TV.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x5:1
# text = My uncle loves courtroom dramas on TV.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dramas	drama	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | My uncle | courtroom dramas |  | TV |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer drama=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phones are not allowed in the courtroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x6:1
# text = Phones are not allowed in the courtroom.
1	Phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  | Phones |  | the courtroom |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jury left the courtroom to decide on their verdict.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtroom:x7:1
# text = The jury left the courtroom to decide on their verdict.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	courtroom	courtroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	verdict	verdict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the jury | the courtroom |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courtroom=Theme |
| 2 | **decide** | to-infinitive | the jury *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on their verdict | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on verdict=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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