---
title: courtyard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courtyard» in the school dictionary: An open space with no roof, surrounded by walls or buildings, inside a castle, house, school, inn or palace. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courtyard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** walls, We, knights, courtyard, fountain, motor car · **What happens:** surround, eat, ride, be, stand, play · **To what, where:** open space, lunch, school courtyard, castle courtyard, middle, courtyard

<!-- .vabout -->
«courtyard» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courtyard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/courtyard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An open space with no roof, surrounded by walls or buildings, inside a castle, house, school, inn or palace.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:m1:1
# text = An open space with no roof, surrounded by walls or buildings, inside a castle, house, school, inn or palace.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle · passive | walls or buildings | a open space with no roof |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate lunch in the school courtyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x1:1
# text = We ate lunch in the school courtyard.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | lunch |  | the school courtyard |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knights rode into the castle courtyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x2:1
# text = The knights rode into the castle courtyard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knights	knight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the knights |  |  | the castle courtyard |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into courtyard=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inn's courtyard was full of carriages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x3:1
# text = The inn's courtyard was full of carriages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	carriages	carriage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the inn's courtyard |  |  |  |  | of carriages; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fountain stood in the middle of the courtyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x4:1
# text = A fountain stood in the middle of the courtyard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a fountain |  |  | the middle of the courtyard |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad's motor car stood in the courtyard of the inn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x5:1
# text = Toad's motor car stood in the courtyard of the inn.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | Toad's motor car |  |  | the courtyard of the inn |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in courtyard=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children played games in the sunny courtyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x6:1
# text = Children played games in the sunny courtyard.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | Children | games |  | the sunny courtyard |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They stopped in a wide courtyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:courtyard:x7:1
# text = They stopped in a wide courtyard.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | They |  |  | a wide courtyard |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in courtyard=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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