---
title: covert — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «covert» in the school dictionary: Covert means secret or hidden, done so that people do not notice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# covert

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Covert, people, wild animals, spies, She, police · **What happens:** mean, do, not notice, be, hide, go · **To what, where:** thick bush, covert mission, covert glance, him, classroom, covert surveillance

<!-- .vabout -->
«covert» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [covert in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/covert.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covert means secret or hidden, done so that people do not notice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:m1:1
# text = Covert means secret or hidden, done so that people do not notice.
1	Covert	covert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Covert |  |  |  |  | secret *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | participle | Covert *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **notice** | present · do-support | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A covert is a thick bush or small wood where wild animals hide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:m2:1
# text = A covert is a thick bush or small wood where wild animals hide.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	covert	covert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	hide	hide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a covert | a thick bush or small wood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hide** | present | wild animals |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spies went on a covert mission behind enemy lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x1:1
# text = The spies went on a covert mission behind enemy lines.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	covert	covert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mission	mission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	enemy	enemy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the spies |  |  | a covert mission |  | behind enemy lines | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on mission=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave him a covert glance across the classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x2:1
# text = She gave him a covert glance across the classroom.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	covert	covert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	glance	glance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a covert glance | him *= he* | the classroom |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient glance=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police did covert surveillance on the gang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x3:1
# text = The police did covert surveillance on the gang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	covert	covert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gang	gang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the police | covert surveillance |  | the gang |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surveillance=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox ran into the covert to hide from the hounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x4:1
# text = The fox ran into the covert to hide from the hounds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	covert	covert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hounds	hound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the fox |  |  |  |  | into the covert *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into covert=Result |
| 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive | the fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from the hounds | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from hound=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covert bullying, like leaving someone out on purpose, is still bullying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x5:1
# text = Covert bullying, like leaving someone out on purpose, is still bullying.
1	Covert	covert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | gerund | Covert bullying *not said here* | someone |  | purpose |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Covert bullying |  |  |  | still | bully *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army planned a covert rescue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x6:1
# text = The army planned a covert rescue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	planned	plan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	covert	covert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | past | the army | a covert rescue |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rescue=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“There were fish in the rivers of Eire’, there were animals in her coverts.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covert:x7:1
# text = “There were fish in the rivers of Eire’, there were animals in her coverts.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Eire	Eire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	coverts	covert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *in a quote* | past | fish in the rivers of Eire |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | past | animals |  |  | Eire's coverts; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in covert=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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