---
title: covertly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «covertly» in the school dictionary: In a secret or hidden way, so that others do not notice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# covertly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** others, She, detective, Spies, Tim, cameras · **What happens:** not notice, not show, admit, pass, watch, gather · **To what, where:** secret, note, friend, desk, house, information

<!-- .vabout -->
«covertly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [covertly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/covertly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a secret or hidden way, so that others do not notice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:m1:1
# text = In a secret or hidden way, so that others do not notice.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	notice	notice	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **notice** | present · do-support | others |  |  | a secret or hidden way |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not openly shown or admitted: «covertly unhappy».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:m2:1
# text = Not openly shown or admitted: «covertly unhappy».
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	openly	openly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	admitted	admit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **show** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | openly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **admit** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She covertly passed a note to her friend under the desk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x1:1
# text = She covertly passed a note to her friend under the desk.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | She | a note | her friend | the desk |  | covertly *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent note=Theme to friend=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective covertly watched the house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x2:1
# text = The detective covertly watched the house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | the detective | the house |  |  |  | covertly *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spies covertly gathered information.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x3:1
# text = Spies covertly gathered information.
1	Spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | past | Spies | information |  |  |  | covertly *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tim covertly slipped the sprouts to the dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x4:1
# text = Tim covertly slipped the sprouts to the dog.
1	Tim	Tim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sprouts	sprout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slip** | past | Tim | the sprouts | the dog |  |  | covertly *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sprout=Theme to dog=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cameras covertly filmed the badgers at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x5:1
# text = The cameras covertly filmed the badgers at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	filmed	film	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	badgers	badger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **film** | past | the cameras | the badgers |  |  | night | covertly *property* | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badger=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He covertly checked his phone during the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x6:1
# text = He covertly checked his phone during the film.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | He | his phone |  |  | during the film | covertly *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbit covertly nibbled the lettuce while the farmer slept.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:covertly:x7:1
# text = The rabbit covertly nibbled the lettuce while the farmer slept.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	covertly	covertly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	nibbled	nibble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lettuce	lettuce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nibble** | past | the rabbit | the lettuce |  |  |  | covertly *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lettuce=Patient |
| 2 | **sleep** | past | the farmer |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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